Category: Jurisprudence and Juristic Principles

The proper name of the city of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, to which he emigrated from Makkah and in which he lived and died.

Reaching the state of perfection.

Giving a non-binding religious ruling.

A contract between a male and a female that permits them to enjoy each other legitimately.

The interval during which the woman is free from menses and post-natal bleeding.

Pouring water all over the body with the intention to remove major ritual impurity, or to perform the recommended purification, or without any intention.

The voluntary prayers that Allah Almighty legislated as extra to the obligatory prayers.

A prayer performed between ‘Ishā’ prayer and the break of dawn to conclude the night prayer.

Performing prayer in congregation.

The intention to start the rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah.

Interpreting speech and rendering it from one language to another.

Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.

The ninth month of the Hijri calendar.

The confirmed Sunnah prayers which are performed before or after the obligatory prayers.

Allah’s praise of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) before the higher assembly of close angels.

Dissolving the marriage contract wholly or partially on the spot or at a later time using specific words or metaphors to the same effect.

A branch of knowledge which states who is eligible to inherit from the deceased and who is not, and the exact share of each heir.

Any statement that includes glorification of Allah and expressing love for Him.

A word that is said upon completing the recitation of Surat al-Fātihah and at the end of supplications. It means: "O Allah, answer the supplication".

The times set by Shariah for the performance of prayers.

Dutifulness and kindness to one’s parents through words and deeds during their life and after their death.

The greeting said by a Muslim when he meets or leaves his fellow Muslims.

All types of properties or rights that a person leaves behind after his death.

Eliminating ritual impurities and filth which prevent the state of purity required for performing prayer.

Request of the Lawgiver (Allah) to do something in a way that is not binding.

A strength that comes to a child and transforms him into a man or a woman.

Asking Allah Almighty to pardon one’s sins and to protect him from their consequences.

Giving out a specific part of certain kinds of property in a certain manner to certain types of people.

The donation that a person gives from his own wealth as an act of worship and in pursuit of reward from Allah Almighty.

The direction the Muslims face in prayer.

The place where a dead person is buried in the ground.

Washing the entire body of the deceased with water in a Shariah-approved manner.

Name of the disbelieving jinn who is created from fire.

A set of statements and actions that starts with Takbīr and ends with Taslīm.

Judging a Muslim to be an apostate.

Placing the deceased person in his grave and covering him with dust.

Charity consisting of food that becomes obligatory at the end of Ramadān.

Giving out a specific amount of gold, silver, or of their product or banknotes to those who deserve Zakah if they reach the Nisāb (amount liable for Zakah) and one lunar year elapses while they are in the owner’s possession.

Visiting the graves of Muslims with the intention to supplicate for them, derive lessons from their condition, and remember the Hereafter.

The tenth day of the month of Muharram.

Following the deceased and carrying him to the place where the funeral prayer will be offered for him and the place where he will be buried.

A stipulated increase with no exchange for credit in return for delaying the settlement of a due debt. It is also an increase or a delay in cash on selling things of a specified type on the spot.

Sale transactions that are prohibited under Shariah.

The five prayers that should be performed every day and night. They are: Zhuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib, ‘Ishā’, and Fajr prayers.

Practices that are prohibited for a person in the state of Ihrām for Hajj or ‘Umrah.

Using pure water to wash particular body parts in a particular manner as an act of worship.

A two-Rak‘ah prayer that is performed in a specific manner on the day of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Ad-ha.

A two-Rak‘ah prayer to be performed after the two-part sermon at noon on Friday.

Supplication and prayer offered for a deceased person in a specific manner.

Voluntary prayers legislated in addition to the five obligatory prayers.

To abstain from whatever breaks the fast from the break of dawn until sunset while having this intention.

Everything that a person believes in with absolute certainty, his heart agrees with, and he adopts as a doctrine.

To defend those you care about whether they are right or wrong, in support of your tribe, group, color, or the like.

Allah's ordainment a certain act to be done by way of obligation.

To report about something in a way contrary to its reality, whether deliberately or mistakenly.

Exchange of a property for another for the purpose of ownership and transferring ownership.

Musical instruments like the flute and so on.

The objectives and rationales that the Lawgiver took into consideration, generally and specifically, while legislating to achieve people’s interests.

It is the opposite of Islam or a statement, act, belief, doubt, or neglect of an obligation which takes one out of the fold of Islam.

A statment of the Lawgiver (Allah) ordering to avoid something, but not in strictly prohibitory terms.

Protection of man’s life, property, and honor.

Spilling the blood of an animal in a certain manner.

Secretly taking some valuable property from a secure place where property is usually hidden.

Saying: "Rabbana wa lak al-hamd" (Our Lord, and all praise is due to You) upon standing upright after rising from "rukū‘" (bowing) in prayer.

A firm command by the Almighty Lawgiver to refrain from a particular action.

Two prostrations performed in order to make up for a deficiency in the prayer due to doubt or forgetfulness.

Worshiping Allah Almighty by bowing the head and back in a certain manner in prayer.

Covering the parts of the body that people find it embarrassing and shameful to reveal, especially during prayer, like the private parts.

Calmness and settlement of all parts of the body for an interval of time in all pillars of prayer.

The body parts that should be covered and which one feels shy about uncovering, such as the private parts and the buttocks.

A place allocated for establishing prayer on a permanent basis.

The guidance followed by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and his noble Companions in terms of religious affairs, which include statements, actions, and beliefs.

Verse 255 of Surat al-Baqarah in the Noble Qur’an.

Deviation from the truth, intentionally or unintentionally.

To do what is commanded and abstain from what is forbidden out of compliance whether in terms of statements, actions, or beliefs.

The cognitive instinct by which Allah Almighty has distinguished man from other living beings. Loss of mind renders the person no longer accountable for religious duties.

Visiting the Sacred Mosque in Makkah any day of the year to perform special rituals.

Consuming any intoxicant, be it liquid or solid, in small or large quantities.

When an accountable person intentionally, forgetfully, or out of laziness abandons the obligatory prayers until the due time is over.

Intentionally giving a false testimony with the aim of deception.

The clear course in the religion that includes the beliefs, rulings, and ethics.

Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.

Sexual intercourse with a woman outside marriage or without her being the man’s female slave or doubtful female slave or wife.

A scholar making his best efforts to reach a secondary Shariah ruling based on the relevant proofs.

Everything permitted and sanctioned by the Shariah.

Tījāniyyah

"Fāsiq": one who departs from obedience and uprightness. Original meaning: something exiting something else in order to corrupt it.

"‘Adālah": holding fast to the truth. "‘Adl": justice, anything that is considered upright. Opposite: oppression. It is originally derived from "i‘tidāl", which means moderation and straightness. Other meanings: equality, integrity, purity.

"A‘rāb": Bedouins, desert dwellers from the Arabs or non-Arabs. It is derived from "ta‘arrub", which means: living in the desert with Bedouins.

"Iftār": breaking one’s fast by eating or drinking. Opposite: fasting. It is derived from "fitr", which means: split, opening.

"Qur’" (pl. aqrā’): time; hence, it is used to refer to the duration of menses or menstrual purity. Other meanings: gathering together, as blood gathers inside the woman’s womb.

"Ifk": lying. It is derived from "afk", which means changing and diverting the truth. Other meanings: sin, false testimony, slander, falsehood.

"Iqrār": confession, acknowledgment. Opposite: denial. It is derived from "qarr", which means: capability, stability.

"Iqrād": lending. It is derived from "qard" (loan), which means cutting off.

"Safa" (sing. safāh): the wide, hard, flat stone which nothing grows on. It is derived from "safā’", which means purity.

Tījāniyyah

"Istijmār": cleansing the private parts after answering the call of nature with "jimār", i.e. small stones.

"Ijmā‘": the agreement among a group of people over a certain matter.

"Irth": property left by a deceased person. Original meaning: transfer of something from a group of people to another.

"Ikrāh": forcing someone to do something he dislikes. It is derived from "kurh", which means dislike.

Tījāniyyah

"Siwāk": small twig used for brushing one’s teeth. It is derived from "sawk", which means inclining, moving. Other meanings: brushing, rubbing.

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

"Sihāq": sexual enjoyment between a woman and another woman. It is derived from "sahq", which means: remoteness, crushing (as lesbians press their sexual organs against each other).

"Sultān": Ruler, governor. It is derived from "salātah", which means: power, capability, overcoming. Other meanings: Caliph, imām, judge, evidence, proof.

"Dayn": debt. It is derived from "dāna". Original meaning: submission, humiliation. It also means: delay. "Dayn" was called as such because of the humiliation it involves, or because its settlement is delayed to a future date.

"Amwāl" (sing. māl): everything that can be possessed by humans.

"An‘ām" (sing. na‘am): cattle; camels, cows, sheep. It is derived from "tana‘‘um", which means: prosperity, enjoyment, affluence.

Tījāniyyah

"Ittisāl": the state of being connected and linked together. Original meaning: association, gathering. Opposite: disconnection, separation.

"Ud'hiyah": a name given to the animal that one slaughters as a sacrifice to Allah. It originally refers to the animal slaughtered on the Day of Nahr (Eid al-Ad'ha, 10th of Dhul-Hijjah).

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

"Ahl": family, close relatives. It also refers to a person’s followers and companions. A man’s "ahl" is his wife and close family members.

"Ihtilām": seeing sexual intercourse or the like during sleep, whether this is accompanied by ejaculation or not. Other meanings: discernment, puberty.

"Ihdād": giving up or refraining from something, such as when a woman gives up her charms and adornments after her husband’s death. It is derived from "hadd", which means: barring and isolating two things.

"Ihsār": gathering, detention, prevention. Examples of "ihsār" include such cases when a person is prevented by illness or travel from doing something, and when a pilgrim is prevented by illness or some other cause from completing the rituals of Hajj.

"Ihlāl": It is the opposite of "ihrām" (ritual state of consecration assumed for Hajj or ‘Umrah). Original meaning: opening something.

"Adab": good manners and noble actions. Its original meaning is calling, as it calls people to what is praiseworthy.

"Idhn": permission. Original meaning: to lift prohibition, to permit. Other meanings: proclamation, from which comes the word "Adhān" (the call to prayer).

"Isbāl": letting down. Original meaning: to let something hang down from a high place to a lower one, or extending something.

"Istikhlāf": appointing someone as a deputy or successor. It is derived from "khalaf", which means: replacement, substitution.

"Istirjā‘": restoring, recovering, and reclaiming (something). It also refers to saying: "Inna lillah wa inna ilayhi rāji‘ūn." (We belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return.)

"Istinbāt": deduce. It is derived from "anbat", which means "extract" and originally comes from "nabat", which is the water that comes out of the well immediately after it is dug up.

"Usrah": family, close relatives. It is derived from "asara" and "asr", which originally means strength.

"Idttibā‘": inserting one’s garment under one’s right arm and then throws its ends over one’s left shoulder, exposing the right shoulder.

"Ta‘ziyah": enjoining and urging someone to show patience. It is derived from "‘azā’", which means patience. Other meanings: solace, comfort.

"Ghadab": anger, great dissatisfaction. Opposite: "rida" (contentment). Original meaning: strength, hardness. Other meanings: a change that occurs in humans when the blood of their heart boils and they seek revenge.

"Ittifāq": agreement, conformity and closeness between two things. Other meanings: convergence, unity, harmony.

"Taghyīr": changing, removing. Other meanings: shifting, distorting, abrogating, substituting.

"Tafrīt": neglecting, wasting. Original meaning: removing something from its place. Other meanings: carelessness, delay.

"Taqābud": exchanging two things between two people, as happens when each of the trading parties receives what is given by the other.

"Ithm": sin, the sin that makes the sinner deserving of punishment. Original meaning: slowness, delay.

"Ahbās" (sing. hibs): anything used to stop the flow of water, such as a stone or the like. Original meaning: stopping.

"Ihtijām": extracting blood from the body. It is derived from "hajm", which means sucking. Other meanings: seeking "hijāmah" (wet cupping).

"Shuf‘ah": attaching, owning.

"Sūrah": appearance, shape. Other meanings: description, copy of an original.

"Nams": plucking hair. It is also said to mean: plucking facial hair.

"Bātil": false, invalid. Opposite: true, valid. Original meaning: going away or remaining for a short time.

"Hajr": preventing, banning. Other meanings: narrowing, limiting. As derived from this, the mind is called "hijr", because it prevents one from doing reprehensible things.

"Hadānah": protecting something and maintaining it. Original meaning: taking something into one’s "hidn", i.e. under the arm. "Hādinah": female protector.

"Bughāh" (sing. bāghi): transgressor, oppressor. It is derived from "baghy", which means: exceeding the limits.

Tījāniyyah

"Damān": guaranteeing, assuming liability. Original meaning: putting something in another thing that contains it.

"Heqd": retaining animosity within the heart. Original meaning: retaining, withholding. Other meanings: dislike, hatred.

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

"Tat'hīr": cleansing, purification. Other meanings: absolution, freeing from impurities.

Tījāniyyah

"Riddah": return, conversion. Other meanings: reversion, rejection, denial, transition.

"Rifq": gentleness, leniency. Opposite: harshness, severity. Other meanings: ease, facilitation. Original meaning: benefit.

"Rukn": foundation, support, strongest side, pivot. It is derived from "rakn", which means strength, firmness. Other meanings: the supporting pillar of something, which keeps it erect.

"Tabdhīr": dispersing, scattering. It is derived from "badhr", which means: scattering seeds in the soil. Other meanings: spreading, excessiveness.

"Ta‘wīd": giving compensation to someone. It is derived from "‘iwad", which means: compensation, substitute.

"Tawarruk": resting on one’s hip, the part above the thigh. It is also used to refer to reclining.

"Tayammun": starting actions with the right hand, the right leg, and the right side in general. It is also used to mean: asking Allah for "yumn" (blessings and prosperity).

Tījāniyyah

"Ruqyah": protection, preservation. It is derived from "taraqqi", which means: ascension, elevation. Other meanings: incantation, fortification.

"Rahn": constancy, permanence, withholding, sticking to something.

"‘Irāfah": the profession of the fortune-teller, soothsayer, or astrologer who claim to know the unseen and the future.

"Fard": cutting, obligation, appraisal.

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

"Āyah" (pl. āyāt"): sign, indication, a verse of the Qur’an. Other meanings: miracle, proof, evidence, wonder, admonition.

"Madhy": a thin whitish liquid released from the penis upon sexual arousal, foreplay, kissing, or imagining sexual acts.

"Murāja‘ah": referring back (to someone) to consult (him). It also means taking the wife back after divorcing her. It is originally derived from "raj‘", which means: returning.

"Naskh": removing and moving, copying. Original meaning: replacing something with another. Other meanings: converting, changing, abrogating.

"Nushūz": It is derived from "nashz", which means: a high, elevated place. A "nāshiz" wife is the one who disobeys her husband, hates him, treats him with arrogance.

"Mahārim" (sing. mahram): What has been forbidden by Allah and cannot be made lawful. A person who is "mahram" to someone is non-marriageable to him or her.

"Khushū‘": submission, quiescence, subservience. A person who has "khushū‘" in their prayer is wholeheartedly engaged in it. Other meanings: calm, peacefulness.

Tījāniyyah

"‘Īnah": An advance or loan. It is derived from "‘ayn", which means money, or from "i‘ānah", which is assistance. Other meanings: purchase or sale on credit.

"Ghishsh": showing something and concealing the opposite. Opposite: sincerity. It is derived from "ghashash", which means: muddied, unclear water.

Tījāniyyah

"Qisās": similitude, equality. Other meanings: punishing in the same way the injustice was perpetrated. It is derived from "qassa", which means: tracing, or from "qat‘", which means cutting.

Tījāniyyah

"Qiyās": to associate, attach, compare two similar objects, simile, resemblance. Other meanings: consideration, compromise, and correctness.

"Kāhin": a person who claims to know the unseen and hidden things. It is originally derived from "takahhun", which means: estimation, thinking, conjecture, lying.

"Luqatah": something on the ground that is picked up. It is derived from "laqt", which means picking up something on the ground.

"Manfa‘ah": benefit. Opposite: harm. Original meaning: goodness, anything used to attain a goal. Other meanings: interest, fruit.

"Nahy": stopping, rebuking, preventing. Opposite: command. It is derived from "intihā’", which means: stopping at a certain point. Other meanings: attainment, arrival, prohibition, rejection, dismissal.

"Niyāhah": crying in a loud voice, yelling, shrieking. It is derived from "tanāwuh", which means: meeting. The crying of women during the pre-Islamic period of ignorance was called "niyāhah" because they used to meet one another and weep over the deceased.

"Hibah": giving something for no return. It is derived from "wahb", which means: conveying money or other useful items to someone. Other meanings: donation, favor, charity, grant.

"Wathani": idolater, idol worshiper, pagan. "Wathaniyyah": worship of idols and stones. it is derived from "wathan", which means: an idol or stone that is worshiped. "Wathan" is derived from "wathn", which means: steadiness. "Wathn" also means: power, plenty.

"Wisāl": joining, connecting. Opposite: "inqitā‘" (interruption). Original meaning: joining something to something else until it becomes attached to it. Other meanings: exaggeration, continuing, carrying on, following, succession.

"Wilāyah": rulership, authority, being in charge of others. "waliyy", means: lord, owner, ruler. It is derived from "waly", which means: closeness, love. Other meanings: kingship, kinship, state, heredity.

"Kitābi": It is derived from "kitāb", which means: book, i.e. pages gathered between two covers. It originally comes from "katb", which means: joining something with something else. A "Kitābi" is someone from the people of the book, namely the Jews and Christians.

"Mahram": prohibition, prohibited thing, forbidden. Opposite: lawful. Original meaning of "tahrīm": banning.

Tījāniyyah

"Tadhkiyah": slaughtering. It is derived from "dhakāh", which means: completion and ending. Thus, slaughtering is called "tadhkiyah" and "dhakāh" because it completes the process that makes eating an animal permissible.

"Tarāweih" (sing. tarwīhah): rest, taking rest, a prayer which contains rest. It is derived from "rawh", which means expansion and wideness. This prayer is called "Tarāweih" because the people rest after every four rak‘ahs.

"Tazwīj": marrying off. Original meaning: pairing two things together. Opposite: "ifrād" (isolating). Other meanings: gathering, joining.

"Tamlīk": transferring the ownership of something to someone else. Other meanings: to give in marriage.

"Tawriyah": metonymy, indirect reference. Opposite: frankness. Original meaning: veiling, hiding. Other meanings: delay, extracting.

"Maqbarah" (graveyard): It is derived from "qabr", which means: grave, the hole in the ground wherein the deceased person is placed. Any place where the body of a deceased person is kept hidden is called "qabr", even the sea. "Qabr" also means the act of burying the deceased in the earth. Original meaning of "qabr": obscurity, invisibility. It was called thus because it conceals the body of the deceased person.

"Makrūh": detestable, abominable. Opposite: loved, recommended. It is derived from "karāhah", which means hardship, distress, and from "kurh" or "karh", which means: abhorrence. "Makrūh" is what one hates and deems difficult. Other meanings: something disallowed, rejected, hardship, harshness.

"Murū’ah": manhood in its perfect form; good manners and politeness. It is derived from "marī’" (the gullet). It was also said to be derived from "mar’", which means: man, human being. Other meanings: humanity, chastity, generosity, nobility, uprightness.

"Sufūr": uncovering, exposing, clarity. Travel was named "safar" because it exposes people’s true character.

"Baghy": oppression, transgression. Original meaning: corruption.

"Al-‘Arabiyyah": the language that Arabs speak. It is derived from "ta‘rīb", which means: clarification, declaration.

"‘Ird": honor, esteem. It is said to be anything for which a person is praised or dispraised.

"‘Urf": a term that collectively refers to all the things that a given society knows and recognizes as good. Original meaning: what is "ma‘rūf", i.e. known and recognized, of good and benevolent deeds. Other meanings: what is common and known among people.

"‘Ashīrah": one’s closest relatives. Other meanings: a group of one's relatives. It is derived from "mu‘āsharah", which means: mixing, merging, socializing.

"‘Iffah": refraining and abstaining from what is bad and objectionable. Original meaning: scarcity. Other meanings: purification, chastity.

Tījāniyyah

"‘Aqd": fastening, tying. Opposite: loosening. Original meaning: connecting two ends together. Other meanings: adherence, documentation, covenant, confirmation.

"‘Aqīqah": the sacrificial animal slaughtered to celebrate the birth of a baby on his/her seventh day. It is derived from "‘aq", which means: splitting (of a sheep’s throat).

"‘Ilm": knowledge. Opposite: ignorance. Other meanings: understanding, belief.

"Qādi": judge; a person who decides matters and settles them with his judgment.

"Qitāl": fighting, combating. It is derived from "qatl", which means killing.

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

"Qulfah": the skin that covers the glans. Original meaning: to cut something from its root.

"Ghayrah": ardent enthusiasm and anger about something. It is derived from "taghayyur", which means: transformation.

"Ghiyalah": deception, heedlessness. It is derived from "ightiyāl", which means: taking something out of nowhere.

"Fāhishah": bad and objectionable speech or deed. It is derived from "fuhsh", which is ugliness and horribleness. Other meanings: adultery.

"Furqah": separation, estrangement. Opposite: connection, bond.

"Fasād": damage or defect in something. Opposite: soundness, validity. Original meaning: departure from a moderate state.

Tījāniyyah

"َQāsir": one incapable of doing something. It is derived from "qusūr", which originally means: not reaching the end. Other meanings: insane person, such as a child, a demented person, or a maniac.

"Qā’id": someone who is at the front, ahead of others, and guides them in their march. Opposite: "sā’iq" (one who walks behind others and steers them). Other meanings: army commander.

"Qabd": taking something in one’s full grip. Original meaning: accumulating and assembling. Other meanings: ability, seizing.

"Qabūl": receiving something and taking it with contentment. It also means: acceptance.

"Qaza‘" (sing. qaza‘ah): a piece of cloud. Original meaning: dispersal, scattering. Other meanings: shaving parts of the head and leaving other parts unshaven.

"Qasam": swearing, taking an oath. It is derived from "qasāmah", which means: the oaths that are divided and distributed among the blood relatives of the slain person (the practice of clearing a person accused of murder by the oaths of others testifying to his innocence).

"Barā’ah": discarding and being cleared from something. Original meaning: avoidance of what is disliked. Other meanings: abandonment, severance, separation.

"Tijārah": trade, buying and selling. It is derived from "tājir", which means: trader.

Tījāniyyah

"Hazhr": banning. Opposite: permitting.

"Halif": oath. Original meaning: adherence - since one is required to adhere to his oath.

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

"Majnūn": someone who has lost his mind. It is derived from "junūn" and "jinnah", which mean: loss of mind. Original meaning: concealment, hiding, covering.

Tījāniyyah

"Miskīn": someone who does not own anything. It was said to mean someone who does not have enough money. It is derived from "sakūn", which means: tranquility and immobility. Other meanings: a person who is humiliated, submissive, and weak.

"Mashrū‘iyyah": legitimacy. It is derived from "mashrū‘", which means: clarified, plain, legitimate. The original meaning of "shar‘": revealing, explanation.

"Mashaqqah": hardship, burden, exhaustion, suffering, difficulty.

"Musāharah": relationship by marriage. "Ashār" are the relatives of a woman’s husband and a man’s wife. It is derived from "sahr", which means: closeness.

"Mutawātir": successive. It is derived from "witr", which means: odd-numbered. Opposite: discontinued. Other meanings: succession of things one after the other without a gap between them.

"Hinth": major sin, wrongdoing. Opposite: fulfillment of oath. Other meanings: breaking an oath.

"Ihtidār": being on the verge of death and showing its signs.

"Hadath": urine or the like that comes out of the anus or genitals. It is derived from "hudūth", which means: occurrence, happening anew.

"Ikhtimār": a woman's covering of her head with a veil. It is derived from "khimār", which means: what covers the head and part of the face of a woman; anything that covers something else.

"Ikhtilāf": dispute, disagreement, contradiction, reversal. Opposite: agreement. It is derived from "khilāfah", which means: succession and replacement of something by another. Other meanings: variation, change, dispersion.

"Hīlah": what is used as a means to reach something secretly. It is derived from "hawl", which means: a shift from one state to another in a secret manner. It is mostly used to denote malice.

"Isrāf": extravagance. Original meaning: exceeding the limit in everything. Opposite: moderation, reasonability. It is derived from "musrif", which means: extravagant. Other meanings: wastefulness, negligence, carelessness, causing damage, wasting, squandering, corruption, extremism, interruption.

"Usūl" (sing. asl): the bottom of something. Original meaning: foundation upon which something is built. Other meanings: the first, the pure, the origin.

"I‘rād": aversion, turning away, rejection. Opposite: proceeding toward something, obedience. It is derived from "‘ard", which means: appearance and prominence, or width. Other meanings: leaving out the work, going away, refusal, neglecting.

"I‘fā’": increasing and growing. "‘Āfi": a person with long hair. "‘Afw": leftover and remnants of something, leaving out the punishment. It is derived from "‘afā’", which means: leaving. Other meanings: increase, elongation, release, letting go, acquittal, deliverance.

"Ightisāb": taking something in an oppressive and unjust manner and by force. It is derived from "ghasb", which means: compulsion.

"‘Abath": engaging in frivolous actions, doing useless things.

"‘Itrah": a man’s children and offspring, also his clan and relatives, the close and the distant thereof. It is derived from "‘atr", which means: branching out or intensifying. "‘Itr": origin, ancestry. Relatives are called "‘itrah" because their lineages are branched out or because one cares for them intensely.

The clear, unambiguous verses whose meaning is not hidden from anyone.

Conflict between two or more valid non-contradictory opinions which can be reconciled.

"Nushrah": an incantation whereby a mad or sick person is treated.

"Jahl": ignorance. Opposite: knowledge. Other meanings: foolishness.

"Tuma’nīnah": tranquility. Opposite: confusion, worry. Original meaning: settlement, stability.

Disparaging any part of the religion of Islam and criticizing its rulings.

"Thabāt": stillness, stability. Original meaning: continuity, permanence. Opposite: end, coming to a halt. Other meanings: uprightness, adherence.

"Tanfīr": pushing away, repelling. Original meaning: impelling someone to run away and escape. Opposite: endearing, giving good news.

"Ijrām": committing a "jurm": crime or sin. "Ijrām" is derived from "jarm", which means: cutting off or earning. A sin is called a "jurm" because it is something earned by its perpetrator. Other meanings: corrupting, hurting someone.

"Ihbāt": annulment, invalidation. It is derived from "habt", which means: an animal eating so much fodder that its belly swells and then dies.

Nourishment from food that is certainly lawful and earned by lawful means without wasting nor using it in sinful ways.

Submission of the heart and its fear of Allah out of love and glorification, along with being submissive to the truth outwardly and inwardly.

"Safāhah": foolishness. Original meaning: frivolity, recklessness, imprudence, crookedness and confusion. Opposite: forbearance, rationality.

"Fiqh": realizing, knowing. "It is derived from "faqīh", which means: scholar, knowledgeable person. Original meaning: opening, splitting; hence, knowledge was called "fiqh" because the person who has knowledge cuts through meanings and opens up what is closed (ambiguous) thereof. Other meanings: understanding.

"Dhull": weakness, disgrace. Opposite: honor, strength. Original meaning: softness, easiness. Other meanings: submission, humility.

"Irhāb": disturbing, causing panic. It is derived from "rahbah", which means: fear. Other meanings: threatening, intimidation, causing horror.

"Wafā’": loyalty, fulfillment of covenant. Opposite: treachery. Original meaning: completeness, perfection.

"Aymān" (pl. yamīn): oath, swearing. Original meaning: strength, ability. It was given this name because the one taking an oath strengthens and affirms his statement by it. Other meanings: pledge, covenant, the right side (as opposed to the left side).

"Takbīr": glorification, exaltation. It is derived from "kibr", which means: greatness. Other meanings: declaring something great, like saying "Allahu akbar" (Allah is the Most Great).

"La‘n": expelling, banishing. "La‘n" among people refers to reviling and name-calling.

Tījāniyyah

The foundations upon which something is established and without which it cannot be achieved.

"Thawābit" (sing. thābit): what is constant and stable. It is derived from "thubūt", which means permanence. Other meanings: things that are enduring, well-established, and correct.

"Jadal": intense discord. It is derived from "jadal" and "mujādalah", which mean debate, dispute. Original meaning: strength, solidity.

"Al-haqq": the truth, the constant. Opposite: falsehood, error. Other meanings: what is due, necessary, certain.

"Tawāf": going around something.

"Tā‘ūn": plague, a widespread disease that harms people’s mental and physical health. It is also used to refer to death.

"Zhihār": husband saying to his wife: "You are like my mother’s back to me." It is derived from "zhahr", which means the back.

"‘Ajz": weakness. Original meaning: falling behind. Opposite: ability.

"‘Adl": uprightness, just judgment. Opposite: injustice. Other meanings: moderateness.

"Fudūli": a person who involves himself in matters that do not concern him. It is derived from "fudūl", which means excess, surplus.

"Fawāt": missing something by not doing it on time. Original meaning: the opposite of catching up with something and reaching it. Other meanings: lapsing, ending.

"Faqīr": a person who has a little money. It is derived from "faqr", which means lack of money. Other meanings: one who owns nothing.

"Isti‘ādhah": seeking refuge and protection from evils. It is derived from "‘awdh" - which means safety, protection. "ma‘ādh": refuge, stronghold.

"‘Atiyyah": something given. It is derived from "‘atw", which means to take or receive.

Tījāniyyah

Tījāniyyah

"‘Iwad": compensation, recompense, replacing.

"Iqtidā’": Following someone’s example, copying, imitating.

"Iqālah": annulment, removal. Original meaning: removing harm. It is also said to be derived from "qawl", which means statement - or from "qaylūlah", which means a midday nap. Other meanings: dropping, interruption, abrogation, invalidation, abandonment, replacement.

"Iftā’": the answer to a question. Other meanings: clarification of something obscure or confusing.

Consuming what is forbidden by the Shariah, whether by eating, wearing, riding, or otherwise.

"Inzhār": to grant respite, delay, and postpone. Opposite: hastening. It is derived from "nazhar", which means to behold and see something. Other meanings: deliberation, anticipation, lying in wait.

"Tayyib": delicious, lawful, permissible. It is derived from "tībah", which means safety from evil. Opposite: evil, unlawful. Other meanings: appropriate, nice, easy, pure, clean.

"‘Afw": forgiveness, pardon, refraining from punishment. Original meaning: abandoning, letting go. Other meanings: elimination, effacement, abundance.

"Shaf‘": even number. It is any number that can be equally divided by two, like two and ten. Opposite: "witr" (single, odd). Original meaning: joining two things. Other meanings: increase, association.

Legally accepted personal reasoning whose general and special conditions are fulfilled.

Allah's commandments, relating to the acts of the slaves either by way of demand or option.

The divine commandments pertaining to people's deeds, whether they are required to perform a certain deed or leave it or are given the choice.

Proofs that are established through speculation, opinion, and personal reasoning.

Sources of Islamic legislation whose validity are not debated by the scholars of the Muslim Ummah. They are the Qur’an, the Sunnah, "ijmā‘" (consensus), and "qiyās" (analogy).

"Istiftā’": seeking "fatwa", which is an explanation or interpretation of something. It is derived from "futuwwah", which means strength - and "fata", which means: a strong, young man. Other meanings: inquiring, asking, seeking counsel, exploring.

"Istitā‘ah": the ability to do something. Opposite: inability. It is derived from "taw‘", which means: submission, responding. Other meanings: endurance, likelihood, capability, power.

A science whereby the general proofs of the Islamic jurisprudence are derived, and the manner of applying them is known, along with knowing the state and description of those to whom such proofs are applicable.

Scholars who fulfill the requirements of deducing legal rulings from their proofs.

Non-obligation of man to fulfill religious obligations and financial duties until evidence from the Shariah is established to this effect.

"Darūrah": urgent need, necessity. It is derived from "darar", which means: straits, restriction. Opposite: benefit, spaciousness. Other meanings: hardship, severity, poverty.

"‘Azīmah'': determination, resolve, volition, obligation, necessity, duty. Original meaning: cutting off sharply. Other meanings: striving, patience, strength, toughness.

A request by the legislator to avoid doing something without making this rule obligatory.

What has been transmitted from the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, of independent reasoning in one of the issues of the religion.

Prayers that are missed and not performed in their designated times.

Animals which instinctively attack people and harm them.

A female slave impregnated by her master who then gave birth, whether the newborn was alive or dead.

He who is unable to speak standard Arabic even if he is an Arab.

Any bad words intended to degrade and insult someone.

The language spoken by the Persians.

The signs erected in certain places specified by the Shariah to mark the boundaries of the Sacred Mosque in Makkah and in Madinah.

The sitting position in prayer wherein the worshiper bends his left foot underneath him and sits on it and erects his right foot so that his heel is raised and the bottom of his toes are on the ground with the toe tips pointing to the "qiblah" (prayer direction).

Taking out one fifth of the spoils of war.

Performing prayer or one of its acts that the worshiper has missed doing at its Shariah-assigned place as long as it permits doing so.

Using antimony (eyeliner) in the eyelids for beautification or remedy.

The age period of humans from the time of the birth until reaching the age of puberty.

Anyone who has been captured by the enemy, whether in the battle or not.

Selling money for money, whether they are of the same type and description or are different.

The surface of the earth regardless of whether it is covered with dust or something else.

Validity of an action according to the Shariah, whereby its consequences come into effect.

A designated area used for answering the call of nature.

Joining a child who is of unknown lineage to the man who claims to be his father if certain conditions are met.

Being uncertain about one's state of ritual purity, regardless of whether the two possibilities are even or one of them is preponderant.

One's desire to have sexual intercourse.

Circumambulating (making "Tawaaf") around the Ka‘bah once, starting at the Black Stone and finishing at the Black Stone; or walking once (during Hajj or ‘Umrah in a rite called "Sa‘y") from Mount Safa to Mount Marwah or vice versa.

A relationship between two persons through a close or distant birth.

Forcing someone to do something or quit doing it.

The woman who is owned by her master.

A joint enterprise between two or more persons to conduct some business.

The one who has the right to join to his possession the share of his neighbor or partner.

Taking money with the intention of benefiting from it on condition that the borrower returns the same amount to the lender later on.

Regaining mental faculties following a state of intoxication, mental illness, or fainting.

Removing virginity of a woman by sexual intercourse, felony, or the like.

The wounds in a person’s head or face.

Bones of the fingers and toes.

Leaving jihad against the disbelievers for a specific period of time.

A person born with both male and female sexual organs or neither of the two.

The authority that possesses the public funds of the Muslims.

A wrap made of wool or the like that is worn on the feet and covers the ankles.

Removing impurities from one's clothing, body, or a place.

Purification done in order to perform a voluntary, not obligatory, act of worship.

A person who is incapable of reciting Sūrat al-Fātihah properly, neither from memory nor from the mus'haf (physical copy of the Qur’an), even if they can recite other surahs properly.

Emergence of coarse hair around the genitals.

A person's ascription to his paternal line of relatives (his father's family lineage).

Termination of the time designated for the waiting period of the divorced wife according to the Shariah.

Stoppage of bloodflow.

Not doing something despite of being able to do it, whether it be intentionally or unintentionally.

A young camel that has completed one year of age and has started its second year.

Leaning against something and using it for support with any part of the body.

Everything that is edible and sustains the body.