The proper name of the city of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, to which he emigrated from Makkah and in which he lived and died.
Reaching the state of perfection.
Giving a non-binding religious ruling.
A contract between a male and a female that permits them to enjoy each other legitimately.
The interval during which the woman is free from menses and post-natal bleeding.
Pouring water all over the body with the intention to remove major ritual impurity, or to perform the recommended purification, or without any intention.
The voluntary prayers that Allah Almighty legislated as extra to the obligatory prayers.
A prayer performed between ‘Ishā’ prayer and the break of dawn to conclude the night prayer.
Performing prayer in congregation.
The intention to start the rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah.
Interpreting speech and rendering it from one language to another.
Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.
The ninth month of the Hijri calendar.
Allah’s praise of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) before the higher assembly of close angels.
The confirmed Sunnah prayers which are performed before or after the obligatory prayers.
Dissolving the marriage contract wholly or partially on the spot or at a later time using specific words or metaphors to the same effect.
A branch of knowledge which states who is eligible to inherit from the deceased and who is not, and the exact share of each heir.
Any statement that includes glorification of Allah and expressing love for Him.
A word that is said upon completing the recitation of Surat al-Fātihah and at the end of supplications. It means: "O Allah, answer the supplication".
The times set by Shariah for the performance of prayers.
Dutifulness and kindness to one’s parents through words and deeds during their life and after their death.
The greeting said by a Muslim when he meets or leaves his fellow Muslims.
All types of properties or rights that a person leaves behind after his death.
Eliminating ritual impurities and filth which prevent the state of purity required for performing prayer.
Request of the Lawgiver (Allah) to do something in a way that is not binding.
A strength that comes to a child and transforms him into a man or a woman.
Asking Allah Almighty to pardon one’s sins and to protect him from their consequences.
Giving out a specific part of certain kinds of property in a certain manner to certain types of people.
The donation that a person gives from his own wealth as an act of worship and in pursuit of reward from Allah Almighty.
The direction the Muslims face in prayer.
The place where a dead person is buried in the ground.
Washing the entire body of the deceased with water in a Shariah-approved manner.
Name of the disbelieving jinn who is created from fire.
A set of statements and actions that starts with Takbīr and ends with Taslīm.
Judging a Muslim to be an apostate.
Placing the deceased person in his grave and covering him with dust.
Charity consisting of food that becomes obligatory at the end of Ramadān.
Giving out a specific amount of gold, silver, or of their product or banknotes to those who deserve Zakah if they reach the Nisāb (amount liable for Zakah) and one lunar year elapses while they are in the owner’s possession.
Visiting the graves of Muslims with the intention to supplicate for them, derive lessons from their condition, and remember the Hereafter.
The tenth day of the month of Muharram.
Following the deceased and carrying him to the place where the funeral prayer will be offered for him and the place where he will be buried.
A stipulated increase with no exchange for credit in return for delaying the settlement of a due debt. It is also an increase or a delay in cash on selling things of a specified type on the spot.
Sale transactions that are prohibited under Shariah.
The five prayers that should be performed every day and night. They are: Zhuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib, ‘Ishā’, and Fajr prayers.
Practices that are prohibited for a person in the state of Ihrām for Hajj or ‘Umrah.
Using pure water to wash particular body parts in a particular manner as an act of worship.
A two-Rak‘ah prayer that is performed in a specific manner on the day of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Ad-ha.
A two-Rak‘ah prayer to be performed after the two-part sermon at noon on Friday.
Supplication and prayer offered for a deceased person in a specific manner.
Voluntary prayers legislated in addition to the five obligatory prayers.
To abstain from whatever breaks the fast from the break of dawn until sunset while having this intention.
Everything that a person believes in with absolute certainty, his heart agrees with, and he adopts as a doctrine.
To defend those you care about whether they are right or wrong, in support of your tribe, group, color, or the like.
Allah's ordainment a certain act to be done by way of obligation.
To report about something in a way contrary to its reality, whether deliberately or mistakenly.
Exchange of a property for another for the purpose of ownership and transferring ownership.
Musical instruments like the flute and so on.
The objectives and rationales that the Lawgiver took into consideration, generally and specifically, while legislating to achieve people’s interests.
It is the opposite of Islam or a statement, act, belief, doubt, or neglect of an obligation which takes one out of the fold of Islam.
A statment of the Lawgiver (Allah) ordering to avoid something, but not in strictly prohibitory terms.
Protection of man’s life, property, and honor.
Spilling the blood of an animal in a certain manner.
Secretly taking some valuable property from a secure place where property is usually hidden.
Saying: "Rabbana wa lak al-hamd" (Our Lord, and all praise is due to You) upon standing upright after rising from "rukū‘" (bowing) in prayer.
A firm command by the Almighty Lawgiver to refrain from a particular action.
Worshiping Allah Almighty by bowing the head and back in a certain manner in prayer.
Covering the parts of the body that people find it embarrassing and shameful to reveal, especially during prayer, like the private parts.
Two prostrations performed in order to make up for a deficiency in the prayer due to doubt or forgetfulness.
Calmness and settlement of all parts of the body for an interval of time in all pillars of prayer.
The body parts that should be covered and which one feels shy about uncovering, such as the private parts and the buttocks.
A place allocated for establishing prayer on a permanent basis.
The guidance followed by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and his noble Companions in terms of religious affairs, which include statements, actions, and beliefs.
Verse 255 of Surat al-Baqarah in the Noble Qur’an.
Deviation from the truth, intentionally or unintentionally.
To do what is commanded and abstain from what is forbidden out of compliance whether in terms of statements, actions, or beliefs.
The cognitive instinct by which Allah Almighty has distinguished man from other living beings. Loss of mind renders the person no longer accountable for religious duties.
Visiting the Sacred Mosque in Makkah any day of the year to perform special rituals.
Consuming any intoxicant, be it liquid or solid, in small or large quantities.
When an accountable person intentionally, forgetfully, or out of laziness abandons the obligatory prayers until the due time is over.
Intentionally giving a false testimony with the aim of deception.
The clear course in the religion that includes the beliefs, rulings, and ethics.
Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.
Sexual intercourse with a woman outside marriage or without her being the man’s female slave or doubtful female slave or wife.
A scholar making his best efforts to reach a secondary Shariah ruling based on the relevant proofs.
Everything permitted and sanctioned by the Shariah.
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"Kusūf": eclipse. It is derived from "kasafa". Original meaning of "kasf": change into something unpleasant.
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"Fāsiq": one who departs from obedience and uprightness. Original meaning: something exiting something else in order to corrupt it.
"‘Adālah": holding fast to the truth. "‘Adl": justice, anything that is considered upright. Opposite: oppression. It is originally derived from "i‘tidāl", which means moderation and straightness. Other meanings: equality, integrity, purity.
"Qatl": killing, causing to die, taking the life of someone.
"A‘rāb": Bedouins, desert dwellers from the Arabs or non-Arabs. It is derived from "ta‘arrub", which means: living in the desert with Bedouins.
"Iftār": breaking one’s fast by eating or drinking. Opposite: fasting. It is derived from "fitr", which means: split, opening.
"Tadlīs": hiding, concealing. Other meanings: deception, cheating, betrayal, decrease.
"Qur’" (pl. aqrā’): time; hence, it is used to refer to the duration of menses or menstrual purity. Other meanings: gathering together, as blood gathers inside the woman’s womb.
"Ifk": lying. It is derived from "afk", which means changing and diverting the truth. Other meanings: sin, false testimony, slander, falsehood.
"Iqrār": confession, acknowledgment. Opposite: denial. It is derived from "qarr", which means: capability, stability.
"Iqrād": lending. It is derived from "qard" (loan), which means cutting off.
"Saff": a straight part of anything. Original meaning of "saff" and "tasfīf": straightening things along a straight line.
"Safa" (sing. safāh): the wide, hard, flat stone which nothing grows on. It is derived from "safā’", which means purity.
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"Istijmār": cleansing the private parts after answering the call of nature with "jimār", i.e. small stones.
"Ijmā‘": the agreement among a group of people over a certain matter.
"Sadāq": dowry given to the woman. It is derived from "sidq", which means: strength, durability. The dowry is also known as "farīdah", "mahr", "ajr", etc.
"Irth": property left by a deceased person. Original meaning: transfer of something from a group of people to another.
"Ikrāh": forcing someone to do something he dislikes. It is derived from "kurh", which means dislike.
"Tarādi": mutual agreement between two parties. It is derived from "rida", which means: the willingness to say or do something and feeling comfortable with it.
"Tarjī‘": repeating, repetition of a recitation.
"Tarkhīs": facilitating, making things easy. Other meanings: decreasing, reducing.
"Janāzah": The body of the deceased person. It may also mean the bier on which the dead person is carried. It is originally derived from "tajnīz", which means: preparing and making ready (for burial).
"Hūdūd" (sing. hadd): a limit set between two things; the terminal point of something. It is also used to mean prevention because it prevents the person from repeating the sin, as is the case in the punishment for fornication. The "hudūd" of Allah Almighty are the rulings which He laid down and forbade people from violating.
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"Khiyār": pursuit of the best among things. Original meaning: inclining to something. It is derived from "ikhtiyār", which means: selecting, choosing.
"Shahādah": telling information obtained by means of witnessing or seeing some incident.
"Waswasah": covert voice and speech. Other meanings: vain self-talk, evils, and bad thoughts.
"Qadhf": throwing something away. It also means cursing and was later used to refer to false accusation of adultery.
"Qadā’": judging; decreeing; resolving (a dispute). "Qādi": judge; the one who judges and settles the dispute. Other meanings: completion, accomplishment.
"Mawāqīt" (sing. miqāt): the time or place designated for a certain action.
"Siwāk": small twig used for brushing one’s teeth. It is derived from "sawk", which means inclining, moving. Other meanings: brushing, rubbing.
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"Shafā‘ah": requesting something on behalf of someone. Other meanings: increasing, joining and partnering with.
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"Sihāq": sexual enjoyment between a woman and another woman. It is derived from "sahq", which means: remoteness, crushing (as lesbians press their sexual organs against each other).
"Sultān": Ruler, governor. It is derived from "salātah", which means: power, capability, overcoming. Other meanings: Caliph, imām, judge, evidence, proof.
"Dayn": debt. It is derived from "dāna". Original meaning: submission, humiliation. It also means: delay. "Dayn" was called as such because of the humiliation it involves, or because its settlement is delayed to a future date.
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"Amwāl" (sing. māl): everything that can be possessed by humans.
"An‘ām" (sing. na‘am): cattle; camels, cows, sheep. It is derived from "tana‘‘um", which means: prosperity, enjoyment, affluence.
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"Ittisāl": the state of being connected and linked together. Original meaning: association, gathering. Opposite: disconnection, separation.
"Hisbah": amount, origin. It is derived from "nasb", which means: erecting, raising.
"Ud'hiyah": a name given to the animal that one slaughters as a sacrifice to Allah. It originally refers to the animal slaughtered on the Day of Nahr (Eid al-Ad'ha, 10th of Dhul-Hijjah).
"Qard": something cut off another thing. It also means loan, what someone gives to someone else, to be paid back later.
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"Ahl": family, close relatives. It also refers to a person’s followers and companions. A man’s "ahl" is his wife and close family members.
"Ihtilām": seeing sexual intercourse or the like during sleep, whether this is accompanied by ejaculation or not. Other meanings: discernment, puberty.
"Ihdād": giving up or refraining from something, such as when a woman gives up her charms and adornments after her husband’s death. It is derived from "hadd", which means: barring and isolating two things.
"Ihsār": gathering, detention, prevention. Examples of "ihsār" include such cases when a person is prevented by illness or travel from doing something, and when a pilgrim is prevented by illness or some other cause from completing the rituals of Hajj.
"Ihsān": preventing. A "muhsana" woman is a chaste one.
"Ihlāl": It is the opposite of "ihrām" (ritual state of consecration assumed for Hajj or ‘Umrah). Original meaning: opening something.
"Adab": good manners and noble actions. Its original meaning is calling, as it calls people to what is praiseworthy.
"Idhn": permission. Original meaning: to lift prohibition, to permit. Other meanings: proclamation, from which comes the word "Adhān" (the call to prayer).
"Isbāl": letting down. Original meaning: to let something hang down from a high place to a lower one, or extending something.
"Istikhlāf": appointing someone as a deputy or successor. It is derived from "khalaf", which means: replacement, substitution.
"Istirjā‘": restoring, recovering, and reclaiming (something). It also refers to saying: "Inna lillah wa inna ilayhi rāji‘ūn." (We belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return.)
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"Tahajjud": getting up from sleep. It is originally derived from "hujūd", which means sleep in the night.
"Istinbāt": deduce. It is derived from "anbat", which means "extract" and originally comes from "nabat", which is the water that comes out of the well immediately after it is dug up.
"Usrah": family, close relatives. It is derived from "asara" and "asr", which originally means strength.
"Idttibā‘": inserting one’s garment under one’s right arm and then throws its ends over one’s left shoulder, exposing the right shoulder.
"Ta‘ziyah": enjoining and urging someone to show patience. It is derived from "‘azā’", which means patience. Other meanings: solace, comfort.
"Ta‘zīr": It is derived from "‘azr", which means: preventing, repelling.
"Safar": crossing a distance. Original meaning: appearing, getting revealed.
"Ghadab": anger, great dissatisfaction. Opposite: "rida" (contentment). Original meaning: strength, hardness. Other meanings: a change that occurs in humans when the blood of their heart boils and they seek revenge.
"I’timām": imitating and following something and acting like it.
"Ittifāq": agreement, conformity and closeness between two things. Other meanings: convergence, unity, harmony.
"Ayb": defect, ugliness, anything contradicting sound Fitrah.
"Taghyīr": changing, removing. Other meanings: shifting, distorting, abrogating, substituting.
"Tafrīt": neglecting, wasting. Original meaning: removing something from its place. Other meanings: carelessness, delay.
"Taqābud": exchanging two things between two people, as happens when each of the trading parties receives what is given by the other.
"Ithm": sin, the sin that makes the sinner deserving of punishment. Original meaning: slowness, delay.
"Ahbās" (sing. hibs): anything used to stop the flow of water, such as a stone or the like. Original meaning: stopping.
"Ihtijām": extracting blood from the body. It is derived from "hajm", which means sucking. Other meanings: seeking "hijāmah" (wet cupping).
"Shuf‘ah": attaching, owning.
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"Kafā’ah": equivalence, equality, comparison.
"Tamyīz": isolating and sorting out something; keeping something away; separating and distinguishing between similar things.
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"Sūrah": appearance, shape. Other meanings: description, copy of an original.
"Nams": plucking hair. It is also said to mean: plucking facial hair.
"Tawthīq": strengthening and establishing something. Original meaning: precision, perfection. It is derived from "wathīqah", which means something used a proof, such as letter and the like.
"Bātil": false, invalid. Opposite: true, valid. Original meaning: going away or remaining for a short time.
"Hajr": preventing, banning. Other meanings: narrowing, limiting. As derived from this, the mind is called "hijr", because it prevents one from doing reprehensible things.
"Hadānah": protecting something and maintaining it. Original meaning: taking something into one’s "hidn", i.e. under the arm. "Hādinah": female protector.
"Bughāh" (sing. bāghi): transgressor, oppressor. It is derived from "baghy", which means: exceeding the limits.
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"Damān": guaranteeing, assuming liability. Original meaning: putting something in another thing that contains it.
"Heqd": retaining animosity within the heart. Original meaning: retaining, withholding. Other meanings: dislike, hatred.
"Hawqalah": The statement: "La hawla wa la quwwata illa billāh" (There is no power or strength except by Allah).
"Ramal": walking rapidly while shaking the shoulders and taking short steps. "Raml" is faster than normal walk and slower than running.
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"Sā’imah": a grazing animal that feeds on lawful grass and herbage. It is derived from "sawm", which originally means: going after something.
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"‘Āriyah": loaned item, loan. It is originally derived from "ta‘āwur", which means: alternation, circulation.
"Tat'hīr": cleansing, purification. Other meanings: absolution, freeing from impurities.
"Ta‘jīl": hastening; doing something before its due time. It is derived from "‘ajalah", which is the opposite of slowness and tardiness. Other meanings: doing something before another.
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"‘Udhr": A proof that one uses for an excuse. Everything that removes blame is an excuse.
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"Riddah": return, conversion. Other meanings: reversion, rejection, denial, transition.
"Rishwah": allowance, gift, any means that helps one reach something. It came to be used to refer specifically to means leading to forbidden things.
"Radā‘": sucking the breast, or drinking milk from the breast.
"Rifq": gentleness, leniency. Opposite: harshness, severity. Other meanings: ease, facilitation. Original meaning: benefit.
"Rukn": foundation, support, strongest side, pivot. It is derived from "rakn", which means strength, firmness. Other meanings: the supporting pillar of something, which keeps it erect.
"Tabdhīr": dispersing, scattering. It is derived from "badhr", which means: scattering seeds in the soil. Other meanings: spreading, excessiveness.
"Tabarru‘": voluntary donation of something. Original meaning: winning, surpassing.
"Ta‘wīd": giving compensation to someone. It is derived from "‘iwad", which means: compensation, substitute.
"Tawarruk": resting on one’s hip, the part above the thigh. It is also used to refer to reclining.
"Taysīr": facilitation, easing. It is derived from "yusr", which means: ease, docility. Opposite: hardship, difficulty.
"Tayammun": starting actions with the right hand, the right leg, and the right side in general. It is also used to mean: asking Allah for "yumn" (blessings and prosperity).
"Juhūd": denial, rejection. Opposite: acknowledgment. Original meaning: scarcity of anything.
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"Dhimmi": one who is given protection and security. It is derived from "dhimma", which means: covenant, protection.
"Rahim": womb, kinship, relationship.
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"Ruqyah": protection, preservation. It is derived from "taraqqi", which means: ascension, elevation. Other meanings: incantation, fortification.
"Rahn": constancy, permanence, withholding, sticking to something.
"‘Irāfah": the profession of the fortune-teller, soothsayer, or astrologer who claim to know the unseen and the future.
"‘Arbūn": down payment; when someone buys something and gives the seller a down payment in advance. It is derived from "i‘rāb", which means: clarifying and manifesting.
"Fard": cutting, obligation, appraisal.
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"Āyah" (pl. āyāt"): sign, indication, a verse of the Qur’an. Other meanings: miracle, proof, evidence, wonder, admonition.
"Madhy": a thin whitish liquid released from the penis upon sexual arousal, foreplay, kissing, or imagining sexual acts.
"Murāja‘ah": referring back (to someone) to consult (him). It also means taking the wife back after divorcing her. It is originally derived from "raj‘", which means: returning.
"Najsh": provoking and extracting something. It is said to originally mean: praising and flattering.
"Naskh": removing and moving, copying. Original meaning: replacing something with another. Other meanings: converting, changing, abrogating.
"Nushūz": It is derived from "nashz", which means: a high, elevated place. A "nāshiz" wife is the one who disobeys her husband, hates him, treats him with arrogance.
"Wājib": required, established. It is derived from "wujūb", which means: requirement, establishment, falling.
"Mahārim" (sing. mahram): What has been forbidden by Allah and cannot be made lawful. A person who is "mahram" to someone is non-marriageable to him or her.
"Minbar": a raised place. It is derived from the "nabr", which means: rising above ground level.
"Nifās": childbirth. It is derived from "tanfīs", which means: coming out from the inside. It came to be used to refer to the blood discharged because of childbirth.
"Jimār" (sing. jamrah): pebble, small stone. It is used to refer to the place where stones are gathered and thrown.
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"Jihād": exerting utmost effort and power in terms of speech or deeds.
"Khitān": to cut the skin over the head of the penis; and regarding the woman, it is removing some of the upper skin from the vagina.
"Khushū‘": submission, quiescence, subservience. A person who has "khushū‘" in their prayer is wholeheartedly engaged in it. Other meanings: calm, peacefulness.
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"‘Īnah": An advance or loan. It is derived from "‘ayn", which means money, or from "i‘ānah", which is assistance. Other meanings: purchase or sale on credit.
"Ghishsh": showing something and concealing the opposite. Opposite: sincerity. It is derived from "ghashash", which means: muddied, unclear water.
"Ghasb": openly taking something unjustly and by force.
"Batāt": decisive, irreversible, obliging. It is derived from "al-battah", which means: never, ever, at all.
"Ihlāl": talbiyah. It originally referred to raising one’s voice upon seeing the crescent. Then it came to be frequently used to refer to any kind of loud voice.
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"Ghabn": deception in buying and selling.
"Qisās": similitude, equality. Other meanings: punishing in the same way the injustice was perpetrated. It is derived from "qassa", which means: tracing, or from "qat‘", which means cutting.
"Al-Qassah": white fluid that comes out at the end of the menses after the flow of blood stops.
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"Qimār": a bet between two parties which involves a financial risk – loss or gain of money. It is derived from "qamar" (the moon), which sometimes grows into a full moon and at other times decreases and becomes a crescent, just like the gambled money.
"Qiwāmah": guardianship, being in charge of preserving wealth, and the like. It is derived from "qiwām", which means basis and pillar of something, and from "qiyām", which means standing erect. Other meanings: rectification, responsibility, care.
"Qiyās": to associate, attach, compare two similar objects, simile, resemblance. Other meanings: consideration, compromise, and correctness.
"Kāfil": guarantor, caretaker.
"Kāhin": a person who claims to know the unseen and hidden things. It is originally derived from "takahhun", which means: estimation, thinking, conjecture, lying.
"Luqatah": something on the ground that is picked up. It is derived from "laqt", which means picking up something on the ground.
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"Manfa‘ah": benefit. Opposite: harm. Original meaning: goodness, anything used to attain a goal. Other meanings: interest, fruit.
"Manyy": semen; the water of the man or woman from which the fetus is formed. It is derived from "many", which means: spilling, pouring, determining. So, the man’s water is called "manyy" because it is poured forth (ejaculated), or because the fetus is determined and created from it.
"Mahr": the dowry paid by a man to the woman he marries by virtue of a marriage contract. Original meaning: wage for something specific.
"Nuqūd" (sing. naqd): the currency, of gold and the like, exchanged between people. It is derived from "naqd", which means: distinguishing, revealing, hastening.
"Nahy": stopping, rebuking, preventing. Opposite: command. It is derived from "intihā’", which means: stopping at a certain point. Other meanings: attainment, arrival, prohibition, rejection, dismissal.
"Niyāhah": crying in a loud voice, yelling, shrieking. It is derived from "tanāwuh", which means: meeting. The crying of women during the pre-Islamic period of ignorance was called "niyāhah" because they used to meet one another and weep over the deceased.
"Hibah": giving something for no return. It is derived from "wahb", which means: conveying money or other useful items to someone. Other meanings: donation, favor, charity, grant.
"Wathani": idolater, idol worshiper, pagan. "Wathaniyyah": worship of idols and stones. it is derived from "wathan", which means: an idol or stone that is worshiped. "Wathan" is derived from "wathn", which means: steadiness. "Wathn" also means: power, plenty.
"Wisāl": joining, connecting. Opposite: "inqitā‘" (interruption). Original meaning: joining something to something else until it becomes attached to it. Other meanings: exaggeration, continuing, carrying on, following, succession.
"Wisāyah": when someone asks another person to do something on his behalf while he is absent. Original meaning: joining something to another. Other meanings: acceptance, affirmation.
"Wilāyah": rulership, authority, being in charge of others. "waliyy", means: lord, owner, ruler. It is derived from "waly", which means: closeness, love. Other meanings: kingship, kinship, state, heredity.
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"Maysir": gamble, gambling game. It is derived from "yusr", which means ease, as it involves taking money with ease.
"Nāzhir": It is derived from "nazhar", which means: thinking, contemplating. It originally meant inspecting something with the eye and came to be used to refer to considering something and thinking about it.
"Nā’ihah": It is derived from "nawh", which means: crying loudly, wailing. It is originally derived from "tanāwuh", which is meeting, and hence the weeping of women was called "niyāhah", for they would get together and engage in crying and wailing.
"Kitābi": It is derived from "kitāb", which means: book, i.e. pages gathered between two covers. It originally comes from "katb", which means: joining something with something else. A "Kitābi" is someone from the people of the book, namely the Jews and Christians.
"Mahram": prohibition, prohibited thing, forbidden. Opposite: lawful. Original meaning of "tahrīm": banning.
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"Tadhkiyah": slaughtering. It is derived from "dhakāh", which means: completion and ending. Thus, slaughtering is called "tadhkiyah" and "dhakāh" because it completes the process that makes eating an animal permissible.
"Tarāweih" (sing. tarwīhah): rest, taking rest, a prayer which contains rest. It is derived from "rawh", which means expansion and wideness. This prayer is called "Tarāweih" because the people rest after every four rak‘ahs.
"Tazwīj": marrying off. Original meaning: pairing two things together. Opposite: "ifrād" (isolating). Other meanings: gathering, joining.
"Tamlīk": transferring the ownership of something to someone else. Other meanings: to give in marriage.
"Tawarruq": asking for papers, eating papers. It is derived from "wariq", which means silver dirhams.
"Tawriyah": metonymy, indirect reference. Opposite: frankness. Original meaning: veiling, hiding. Other meanings: delay, extracting.
"Madmadah": moving water around in the mouth. Original meaning: movement inside of something. Other meanings: washing.
"Ma‘ābid" (sing: ma‘bad): place of worship and obedience and whatever brings one close to Allah. Original meaning of "‘ibādah" (worship): displaying humility, docility, submission, compliance.
"Maqbarah" (graveyard): It is derived from "qabr", which means: grave, the hole in the ground wherein the deceased person is placed. Any place where the body of a deceased person is kept hidden is called "qabr", even the sea. "Qabr" also means the act of burying the deceased in the earth. Original meaning of "qabr": obscurity, invisibility. It was called thus because it conceals the body of the deceased person.
"Makrūh": detestable, abominable. Opposite: loved, recommended. It is derived from "karāhah", which means hardship, distress, and from "kurh" or "karh", which means: abhorrence. "Makrūh" is what one hates and deems difficult. Other meanings: something disallowed, rejected, hardship, harshness.
"Murū’ah": manhood in its perfect form; good manners and politeness. It is derived from "marī’" (the gullet). It was also said to be derived from "mar’", which means: man, human being. Other meanings: humanity, chastity, generosity, nobility, uprightness.
Tījāniyyah
"Niqāb": a veil the woman puts on his face. It originally refers to an opening in something.
"Zūr": lying, falsehood. Original meaning: inclining, swerving, something adorned. Other meanings: accusation, strength, polytheism, singing, diversion.
"Sufūr": uncovering, exposing, clarity. Travel was named "safar" because it exposes people’s true character.
"Baghy": oppression, transgression. Original meaning: corruption.
"Al-‘Arabiyyah": the language that Arabs speak. It is derived from "ta‘rīb", which means: clarification, declaration.
"‘Ird": honor, esteem. It is said to be anything for which a person is praised or dispraised.
"‘Urf": a term that collectively refers to all the things that a given society knows and recognizes as good. Original meaning: what is "ma‘rūf", i.e. known and recognized, of good and benevolent deeds. Other meanings: what is common and known among people.
"‘Azl": removal, keeping away, discharging men’s semen outside women’s vulva during copulation to avoid conception.
Tījāniyyah
"‘Ashīrah": one’s closest relatives. Other meanings: a group of one's relatives. It is derived from "mu‘āsharah", which means: mixing, merging, socializing.
"‘Iffah": refraining and abstaining from what is bad and objectionable. Original meaning: scarcity. Other meanings: purification, chastity.
Tījāniyyah
"‘Aqd": fastening, tying. Opposite: loosening. Original meaning: connecting two ends together. Other meanings: adherence, documentation, covenant, confirmation.
"‘Aqīqah": the sacrificial animal slaughtered to celebrate the birth of a baby on his/her seventh day. It is derived from "‘aq", which means: splitting (of a sheep’s throat).
"‘Ilm": knowledge. Opposite: ignorance. Other meanings: understanding, belief.
"Qādi": judge; a person who decides matters and settles them with his judgment.
"Qitāl": fighting, combating. It is derived from "qatl", which means killing.
Tījāniyyah
Tījāniyyah
"Qulfah": the skin that covers the glans. Original meaning: to cut something from its root.
"Ghayrah": ardent enthusiasm and anger about something. It is derived from "taghayyur", which means: transformation.
"Ghiyalah": deception, heedlessness. It is derived from "ightiyāl", which means: taking something out of nowhere.
"Fāhishah": bad and objectionable speech or deed. It is derived from "fuhsh", which is ugliness and horribleness. Other meanings: adultery.
"Furqah": separation, estrangement. Opposite: connection, bond.
"Fasād": damage or defect in something. Opposite: soundness, validity. Original meaning: departure from a moderate state.
"Faskh": removing, lifting, annulling, invalidating.
Tījāniyyah
"َQāsir": one incapable of doing something. It is derived from "qusūr", which originally means: not reaching the end. Other meanings: insane person, such as a child, a demented person, or a maniac.
"Qā’id": someone who is at the front, ahead of others, and guides them in their march. Opposite: "sā’iq" (one who walks behind others and steers them). Other meanings: army commander.
"Qabd": taking something in one’s full grip. Original meaning: accumulating and assembling. Other meanings: ability, seizing.
"Qabūl": receiving something and taking it with contentment. It also means: acceptance.
"Wasiyyah": the money or the like determined in a will. It is originally derived from "wasl", which means: connecting something with another.
"Yamīn": oath-taking, swearing. It was called as such because people used to strike the "yamīn" (right hand) of one another upon entering into alliance. Other meanings: hand, blessing, strength.
"Taklīf": commanding things that one finds difficult.
"Qaza‘" (sing. qaza‘ah): a piece of cloud. Original meaning: dispersal, scattering. Other meanings: shaving parts of the head and leaving other parts unshaven.
"Qasam": swearing, taking an oath. It is derived from "qasāmah", which means: the oaths that are divided and distributed among the blood relatives of the slain person (the practice of clearing a person accused of murder by the oaths of others testifying to his innocence).
"Qunūt": obedience along with humility. It is derived from "qanata", which means: to obey. It is also said to mean: standing for long.
"Rukhsah" (pl. rukhas): ease, facilitation, leniency. Opposite: hardness. Other meanings: permission, pardon.
"Barā’ah": discarding and being cleared from something. Original meaning: avoidance of what is disliked. Other meanings: abandonment, severance, separation.
"Tijārah": trade, buying and selling. It is derived from "tājir", which means: trader.
"Zandaqah": lack of belief in the Hereafter and the Oneness of the Creator. Original meaning: narrowness. It is said to be a Persian word that entered Arabic language. Other meanings: being irreligious and believing that time is eternal.
"Zindīq" (pl. zanādiqah): someone who does not believe in the Hereafter or the Oneness of the Creator. It also refers to he who has no religion and believes in eternalism. It is also used to refer to the hypocrite.
Tījāniyyah
Tījāniyyah
"Jawāz": permissibility, permission. Opposite: prevention. Original meaning: traversing, crossing. Other meanings: effectiveness, health, ability, forgiveness, dispensation.
"Hazhr": banning. Opposite: permitting.
"Halif": oath. Original meaning: adherence - since one is required to adhere to his oath.
"Hamd": praise, commendation. Opposite: dispraise. Other meanings: thankfulness.
Tījāniyyah
Tījāniyyah
Tījāniyyah
"I‘fāf": anything that achieves chastity and refraining from what is objectionable. Original meaning: purification and freedom from something. Other meanings: immunizing, reducing.
"Ightiyāl": killing in a stealthy, treacherous, and deceptive manner.
Aqārib": one’s family, relatives, and kindred.
"Jināyah": misdeed, felony.
Tījāniyyah
Tījāniyyah
"Majnūn": someone who has lost his mind. It is derived from "junūn" and "jinnah", which mean: loss of mind. Original meaning: concealment, hiding, covering.
Tījāniyyah
"Miskīn": someone who does not own anything. It was said to mean someone who does not have enough money. It is derived from "sakūn", which means: tranquility and immobility. Other meanings: a person who is humiliated, submissive, and weak.
"Mashrū‘iyyah": legitimacy. It is derived from "mashrū‘", which means: clarified, plain, legitimate. The original meaning of "shar‘": revealing, explanation.
"Mashaqqah": hardship, burden, exhaustion, suffering, difficulty.
"Musāharah": relationship by marriage. "Ashār" are the relatives of a woman’s husband and a man’s wife. It is derived from "sahr", which means: closeness.
"Thawāb": reward for a deed, good or bad, and the recompense for a doer of good or a doer of evil.
"Lahd": a crevice made in the side of a grave. It is derived from "ilhād", which originally means: tilting and swerving from something.
"Mujtahid": someone who exerts his utmost efforts to reach something. It is derived from "jahd", which means: hardship, tiredness. Other meanings: an earnest pursuer of a certain goal.
"Mutawātir": successive. It is derived from "witr", which means: odd-numbered. Opposite: discontinued. Other meanings: succession of things one after the other without a gap between them.
"Hinth": major sin, wrongdoing. Opposite: fulfillment of oath. Other meanings: breaking an oath.
"Ihtidār": being on the verge of death and showing its signs.