Category: Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence
Perfect - كمالية
Reaching the state of perfection.
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Religious opinion - فَتْوَى
Giving a non-binding religious ruling.
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Unlawful - حَرامٌ
Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.
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Desirability - اسْتِحْبابٌ
Request of the Lawgiver (Allah) to do something in a way that is not binding.
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Puberty - بُلُوغٌ
A strength that comes to a child and transforms him into a man or a woman.
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Belief - اعْتِقاد
Everything that a person believes in with absolute certainty, his heart agrees with, and he adopts as a doctrine.
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Obligation - وُجُوبٌ
Allah's ordainment a certain act to be done by way of obligation.
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Shariah objectives - مَقَاصِدُ الشَّرِيعَةِ
The objectives and rationales that the Lawgiver took into consideration, generally and specifically, while legislating to achieve people’s interests.
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Undesirability - كَراهَةٌ
A statment of the Lawgiver (Allah) ordering to avoid something, but not in strictly prohibitory terms.
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Prohibition - تَحْرِيمٌ
A firm command by the Almighty Lawgiver to refrain from a particular action.
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The Sunnah - سنة
The guidance followed by the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) and his noble Companions in terms of religious affairs, which include statements, actions, and beliefs.
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Misguidance - ضلال
Deviation from the truth, intentionally or unintentionally.
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Obedience - طاعَةٌ
To do what is commanded and abstain from what is forbidden out of compliance whether in terms of statements, actions, or beliefs.
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Mind/Intellect - عقل
The cognitive instinct by which Allah Almighty has distinguished man from other living beings. Loss of mind renders the person no longer accountable for religious duties.
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Islamic law - الشريعة
The clear course in the religion that includes the beliefs, rulings, and ethics.
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Forbidden things - محظورات
Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.
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Independent reasoning - اجتهاد
A scholar making his best efforts to reach a secondary Shariah ruling based on the relevant proofs.
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Permissible - جَائِزٌ
Everything permitted and sanctioned by the Shariah.
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Consensus - إِجْماعٌ
"Ijmā‘": the agreement among a group of people over a certain matter.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Duress/Compulsion - إِكْراهٌ
"Ikrāh": forcing someone to do something he dislikes. It is derived from "kurh", which means dislike.
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Granting concession - تَرْخِيصٌ
"Tarkhīs": facilitating, making things easy. Other meanings: decreasing, reducing.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Good manners/Politeness - أَدَبٌ
"Adab": good manners and noble actions. Its original meaning is calling, as it calls people to what is praiseworthy.
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Deductive reasoning - اِسْتِنْباطٌ
"Istinbāt": deduce. It is derived from "anbat", which means "extract" and originally comes from "nabat", which is the water that comes out of the well immediately after it is dug up.
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Agreement - اِتِّفاقٌ
"Ittifāq": agreement, conformity and closeness between two things. Other meanings: convergence, unity, harmony.
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Sin - إِثْمٌ
"Ithm": sin, the sin that makes the sinner deserving of punishment. Original meaning: slowness, delay.
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Discernment - تَمْيِيزٌ
"Tamyīz": isolating and sorting out something; keeping something away; separating and distinguishing between similar things.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Invalid/False - باطِلٌ
"Bātil": false, invalid. Opposite: true, valid. Original meaning: going away or remaining for a short time.
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Blocking the means to evil - سَدُّ الذَّرائِعِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English Indonesian
Hastening/Rushing - تَعْجِيلٌ
"Ta‘jīl": hastening; doing something before its due time. It is derived from "‘ajalah", which is the opposite of slowness and tardiness. Other meanings: doing something before another.
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Excuse - عُذْرٌ
"‘Udhr": A proof that one uses for an excuse. Everything that removes blame is an excuse.
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Pillar - رُكْنٌ
"Rukn": foundation, support, strongest side, pivot. It is derived from "rakn", which means strength, firmness. Other meanings: the supporting pillar of something, which keeps it erect.
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Facilitation - تَيْسِيرٌ
"Taysīr": facilitation, easing. It is derived from "yusr", which means: ease, docility. Opposite: hardship, difficulty.
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Removing the restriction/Easing the difficulty - رَفْعُ الحَرَجِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English
Obligation - فَرْضٌ
"Fard": cutting, obligation, appraisal.
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Abrogation - نَسْخٌ
"Naskh": removing and moving, copying. Original meaning: replacing something with another. Other meanings: converting, changing, abrogating.
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Duty/Obligation - وَاجِبٌ
"Wājib": required, established. It is derived from "wujūb", which means: requirement, establishment, falling.
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Analogical deduction - قِيَاسٌ
"Qiyās": to associate, attach, compare two similar objects, simile, resemblance. Other meanings: consideration, compromise, and correctness.
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Forbiddance/Prohibition - نَهْيٌ
"Nahy": stopping, rebuking, preventing. Opposite: command. It is derived from "intihā’", which means: stopping at a certain point. Other meanings: attainment, arrival, prohibition, rejection, dismissal.
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Disliked - مَكْرُوهٌ
"Makrūh": detestable, abominable. Opposite: loved, recommended. It is derived from "karāhah", which means hardship, distress, and from "kurh" or "karh", which means: abhorrence. "Makrūh" is what one hates and deems difficult. Other meanings: something disallowed, rejected, hardship, harshness.
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Arabic language - عَرَبِيَّةٌ
"Al-‘Arabiyyah": the language that Arabs speak. It is derived from "ta‘rīb", which means: clarification, declaration.
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Custom - عُرْفٌ
"‘Urf": a term that collectively refers to all the things that a given society knows and recognizes as good. Original meaning: what is "ma‘rūf", i.e. known and recognized, of good and benevolent deeds. Other meanings: what is common and known among people.
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Knowledge - العِلْمٌ
"‘Ilm": knowledge. Opposite: ignorance. Other meanings: understanding, belief.
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Defect/Corruption - فَسادٌ
"Fasād": damage or defect in something. Opposite: soundness, validity. Original meaning: departure from a moderate state.
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Annulment/Revocation - فَسْخٌ
"Faskh": removing, lifting, annulling, invalidating.
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Assignment/Obligation - تَكْلِيفٌ
"Taklīf": commanding things that one finds difficult.
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Dispensation - رُخْصَةٌ
"Rukhsah" (pl. rukhas): ease, facilitation, leniency. Opposite: hardness. Other meanings: permission, pardon.
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Permissibility - جَوَازٌ
"Jawāz": permissibility, permission. Opposite: prevention. Original meaning: traversing, crossing. Other meanings: effectiveness, health, ability, forgiveness, dispensation.
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Prohibition/Ban - حَظْرٌ
"Hazhr": banning. Opposite: permitting.
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Insane - مَجْنُونٌ
"Majnūn": someone who has lost his mind. It is derived from "junūn" and "jinnah", which mean: loss of mind. Original meaning: concealment, hiding, covering.
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Legitimacy - مَشْرُوعِيَّةٌ
"Mashrū‘iyyah": legitimacy. It is derived from "mashrū‘", which means: clarified, plain, legitimate. The original meaning of "shar‘": revealing, explanation.
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Hardship - مَشَقَّةٌ
"Mashaqqah": hardship, burden, exhaustion, suffering, difficulty.
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Reward - ثَواب
"Thawāb": reward for a deed, good or bad, and the recompense for a doer of good or a doer of evil.
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Diligent thinker Jurisprudent - مُجْتَهِدٌ
"Mujtahid": someone who exerts his utmost efforts to reach something. It is derived from "jahd", which means: hardship, tiredness. Other meanings: an earnest pursuer of a certain goal.
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Successively narrated - مُتَوَاتِرٌ
"Mutawātir": successive. It is derived from "witr", which means: odd-numbered. Opposite: discontinued. Other meanings: succession of things one after the other without a gap between them.
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Disagreement - اخْتِلَافٌ
"Ikhtilāf": dispute, disagreement, contradiction, reversal. Opposite: agreement. It is derived from "khilāfah", which means: succession and replacement of something by another. Other meanings: variation, change, dispersion.
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The fundamentals of the religion - أصول الدين
"Usūl" (sing. asl): the bottom of something. Original meaning: foundation upon which something is built. Other meanings: the first, the pure, the origin.
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Dire need/necessity - اضْطِرَارٌ
"Idtirār": bad need, necessity. It is originally derived from "darar", which means: hardship, restriction.
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Ignorance - جهل بالاعتقاد
"Jahl": ignorance. Opposite: knowledge. Other meanings: foolishness.
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Clear/Unambiguous verses - الآيَاتُ المُحْكَمَةُ
The clear, unambiguous verses whose meaning is not hidden from anyone.
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Difference based on variation - اخْتِلَافُ التَّنَوُّعِ
Conflict between two or more valid non-contradictory opinions which can be reconciled.
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Steadfastness - ثَباتٌ
"Thabāt": stillness, stability. Original meaning: continuity, permanence. Opposite: end, coming to a halt. Other meanings: uprightness, adherence.
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Facilitation - تَيْسِيْرٌ
"Taysīr": making things easy for oneself or for others. It is derived from "yusr", which means: ease, compliance. Opposite: difficulty, hardship. Original meaning: openness and lightness.
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Committing a sin/crime - إِجْرامٌ
"Ijrām": committing a "jurm": crime or sin. "Ijrām" is derived from "jarm", which means: cutting off or earning. A sin is called a "jurm" because it is something earned by its perpetrator. Other meanings: corrupting, hurting someone.
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Invalidation/Rendering worthless - إِحْباطٌ
"Ihbāt": annulment, invalidation. It is derived from "habt", which means: an animal eating so much fodder that its belly swells and then dies.
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Foolishness - سَفاهَةٌ
"Safāhah": foolishness. Original meaning: frivolity, recklessness, imprudence, crookedness and confusion. Opposite: forbearance, rationality.
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Determination/Resolve - عزيمة
"Azm": determination to do something. Original meaning: cutting. Other meanings: patience, strength, emphasis, earnestness, duty.
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Jurisprudence - فِقْهٌ
"Fiqh": realizing, knowing. "It is derived from "faqīh", which means: scholar, knowledgeable person. Original meaning: opening, splitting; hence, knowledge was called "fiqh" because the person who has knowledge cuts through meanings and opens up what is closed (ambiguous) thereof. Other meanings: understanding.
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Compliance/Following - اتِّبَاعٌ
"Ittibā‘": following, imitating. Original meaning: tracing the steps of walker and walking after him.
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Pillars - أركان
The foundations upon which something is established and without which it cannot be achieved.
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Established/Constant matters - ثوابت
"Thawābit" (sing. thābit): what is constant and stable. It is derived from "thubūt", which means permanence. Other meanings: things that are enduring, well-established, and correct.
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Debate/Argumentation - جدل
"Jadal": intense discord. It is derived from "jadal" and "mujādalah", which mean debate, dispute. Original meaning: strength, solidity.
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Truth - حَقٌّ
"Al-haqq": the truth, the constant. Opposite: falsehood, error. Other meanings: what is due, necessary, certain.
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Inability - عَجْزٌ
"‘Ajz": weakness. Original meaning: falling behind. Opposite: ability.
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The Prophet’s actions - فِعْلُ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English
Practice of the people of Madīnah - عَمَلُ أَهْلِ المَدِينَةِ
Tījāniyyah
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Widespread affliction - عُمُومُ البَلْوَى
Tījāniyyah
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Proof/Guide - دَلِيْل
"Dalīl": evidence, indicating sign. Other meanings: guide to something.
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Hadīth - حَدِيث
"Hadīth": spoken speech, something new. It is derived from "hadāthah", which means modernity. Opposite: old.
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Sunnahs - سُنَنٌ
"Sunnah" (pl. sunan): method, line of conduct, good or bad, nature, destination.
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Imitation/Following the example - اقتداء
"Iqtidā’": Following someone’s example, copying, imitating.
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Giving religious Fatwa/rulings - إفتاء
"Iftā’": the answer to a question. Other meanings: clarification of something obscure or confusing.
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Pardon/Forgiveness - عَفْوٌ
"‘Afw": forgiveness, pardon, refraining from punishment. Original meaning: abandoning, letting go. Other meanings: elimination, effacement, abundance.
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Transgression - تَعَدي
"Ta‘addi": oppression, transgression. Original meaning: exceeding the limit. Opposite: justice. Other meanings: corruption, causing harm.
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Legally considered personal reasoning - اجْتِهَادٌ مُعْتَبَرٌ
Legally accepted personal reasoning whose general and special conditions are fulfilled.
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Proofs - أَدِلَّةٌ
"Dalīl" (pl. adillah): what leads to something destined. It is derived from "tadlīl", which means indicating something with a sign. Other meanings: sign, supplementary evidence, guide, origin.
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Intellectual proofs - أَدِلَّةٌ عَقْلِيَّةٌ
Proofs that are established through speculation, opinion, and personal reasoning.
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Obligation-creating rulings/Defining laws - أحكام تكليفية
Allah's commandments, relating to the acts of the slaves either by way of demand or option.
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Shariah rulings - أحكام شرعية
The divine commandments pertaining to people's deeds, whether they are required to perform a certain deed or leave it or are given the choice.
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Agreed-upon proofs - أَدِلَّةٌ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهَا
Sources of Islamic legislation whose validity are not debated by the scholars of the Muslim Ummah. They are the Qur’an, the Sunnah, "ijmā‘" (consensus), and "qiyās" (analogy).
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Seeking fatwa - اسْتِفْتَاءٌ
"Istiftā’": seeking "fatwa", which is an explanation or interpretation of something. It is derived from "futuwwah", which means strength - and "fata", which means: a strong, young man. Other meanings: inquiring, asking, seeking counsel, exploring.
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Ability - اسْتِطَاعَةٌ
"Istitā‘ah": the ability to do something. Opposite: inability. It is derived from "taw‘", which means: submission, responding. Other meanings: endurance, likelihood, capability, power.
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Original non-liability - بَرَاءَةٌ أَصْلِيَّةٌ
Non-obligation of man to fulfill religious obligations and financial duties until evidence from the Shariah is established to this effect.
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Giving preference - تَرْجِيحٌ
"Tarjīh": giving preponderance, giving preference. It is derived from "rujhān", which means: weight, increase. Other meanings: making inclined, strengthening, giving precedence.
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Fundamentals of Islamic jurisprudence - أُصُولُ الفِقْهِ
A science whereby the general proofs of the Islamic jurisprudence are derived, and the manner of applying them is known, along with knowing the state and description of those to whom such proofs are applicable.
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People competent for independent reasoning. - أَهْلُ الاجْتِهادِ
Scholars who fulfill the requirements of deducing legal rulings from their proofs.
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Error - خَطَأٌ
"Khata’": error, slip, unintentional action. Original meaning: swerving from the intended course. Opposite: correctness, deliberateness. Other meanings: sin, guilt, grammatical mistake, or mistake in pronunciation (esp. in reciting the Qur’an).
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Condition - شَرْطٌ
"Shart": condition, requirement. It is derived from "sharat", which means mark.
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Necessity - ضَرُورَةٌ
"Darūrah": urgent need, necessity. It is derived from "darar", which means: straits, restriction. Opposite: benefit, spaciousness. Other meanings: hardship, severity, poverty.
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Layman - عَامِّيٌّ
"‘Āmmi" (pl. ‘awāmm): a noun that is attributed to "‘āmmah", which means multitudes of people. It is derived from "‘umūm", which means: comprehensiveness and encompassing - and from "‘ama", which means blindness. A "‘āmmi" is a person who cannot see the way.
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Original ruling - عَزِيمَةٌ
"‘Azīmah'': determination, resolve, volition, obligation, necessity, duty. Original meaning: cutting off sharply. Other meanings: striving, patience, strength, toughness.
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Invalid - فَاسِدٌ
"Fāsid": invalid, decayed. Opposite: valid, sound.
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Undesirability qua blamelessness - كَرَاهَةُ تَنْزِيهٍ
A request by the legislator to avoid doing something without making this rule obligatory.
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A Companion's statement - قَوْلُ الصَّحَابِي
What has been transmitted from the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, of independent reasoning in one of the issues of the religion.
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Permissible - مُبَاحٌ
"Mubāh'': allowed, permitted. Opposite: forbidden. Original meaning: spaciousness. Other meanings: visible, licensed, lawful, absolute.
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Accountable for religious duties - مُكَلَّفٌ
"Mukallaf": a person commanded to do something that needs effort.
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Validity - صِحَّةٌ
Validity of an action according to the Shariah, whereby its consequences come into effect.
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Uncertainty - شَكٌّ
Being uncertain about one's state of ritual purity, regardless of whether the two possibilities are even or one of them is preponderant.
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Compulsion/Obligation - إِلْزامٌ
Forcing someone to do something or quit doing it.
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Leaving/Abandoning - تَرْكٌ
Not doing something despite of being able to do it, whether it be intentionally or unintentionally.
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Ending/Termination - انْقِضاءٌ
Termination of the time designated for the waiting period of the divorced wife according to the Shariah.
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Competence/Eligibility - أهْلِيَّةٌ
A person’s eligibility to acquire rights, perform duties, and dispose of affairs.
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coercion - تَلْجِئَةٌ
Coercing someone to do something whose hidden reality contradicts what is apparent thereof, such as a sale.
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Repelling/Prevention - دَرْءٌ
Repelling something and preventing it from happening
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Necessities - ضَرُورِيّاتٌ
Interests that are necessary for the establishment of the religion and life, such that if all or some of them are missing, life is ruined or disturbed.
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Nullity - بُطْلانٌ
Nullity and voidness of a statement or action because it does not comply with Shari‘ah (Islamic law).
Translated into: English Indonesian
A means to an end - ذَرائِع
Anything that is used as a means and a way to achieving something else.
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Most likely place/situation - مَظِنّةٌ
The most likely place where something could exist.
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Outweighed - مَرْجُوحٌ
The weaker of two opposed pieces of evidence, which is outweighed by the other, and thus it is preferable to act upon the other.
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Action with legal consequences - تَصَرُّفٌ
Whatever a person does willingly and leads to a consequence under the Shariah, whether this consequence is for the benefit of the doer or not.
Translated into: English Russian
Bindingness - لُزُومٌ
Persistence and effectiveness of a contract and impossibility of annulling it except with a legitimate reason.
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Predominance of assumption - غَلَبَةُ الظَّنِّ
The absolute preponderance of one side over the other in such a way that the other side is totally discarded.
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Freedom of choice - تَخْيِيرٌ
Giving freedom of choice to the one qualifed for religious obligations in ceratin matters
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Determination/Resolution - عَزْمٌ
Firm decision to do or leave something.
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Legal cause - عِلَّةٌ
It is an apparent consistent quality that accompanies a Shariah ruling in all cases such that it determines whether or not that ruling is applicable.
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Precaution - احتياط
To preserve oneself against falling into prohibitions or abandoning a command in situations of doubt.
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Basic rule/Original ruling - أَصْلٌ
In analogy, it refers to the basic rule, as opposed to the subsidiary rule.
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Interpretation/Allegorical interpretation - تَأوِيلٌ
Replacing the apparent meaning of the word with another different meaning.
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Applying general rule to individual case - تَحْقِيقُ المَناطِ
Confirming the presence of the cause, upon which there is an agreement based on a text, consensus or deduction, concerning a disputed case.
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Ambiguous - مُشْكِلٌ
A word whose meaning cannot be understood independently, but something else explains and clarifies it.
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Overburdening - إعنات
To charge with burdensome tasks beyond one's power and capability.
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Conclusive/decisive proof - بُرْهانٌ
Categorical proof that provides knowledge and evidence that reveals the truth.
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Clarification - بيان
Clarifying the speech to the listener and revealing its meaning, whether with words or actions.
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Solitary/Isolated report - حجية خبر الآحاد
The report narrated by one person or more and did not reach the level of "tawātur" (multiplicity of the sources of a report).
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Soundness/Correctness - سداد
Correctness in all statements, actions and intentions.
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Homonym/Polysemous term - مُشْتَرَكٌ لَفظيُّ
A word that has same spelling and several meanings.
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Gnosis/Knowledge - عِرْفانٌ
Perceiving something and realizing its reality through deep thinking and contemplation.
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Making defective - إِخْلَالٌ
Failure to do something as prescribed by the Shariah.
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Attribute - وصف
Self-essential meaning
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Anomaly - شُذُوذُ
Parting company with the main Muslim body by opposing the scholars' consensus and what is valid and correct.
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Reason-based facts - عقليات
Anything that is approved by reason or known through human intellect.
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Opinion/Reasoning - رَأْيٌ
Reasoning and contemplation to extract the sound aspect of a matter and to reach the preponderant view regarding it based on the strongest assumption.
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Prohibitions - حُرُماتٌ
Everything that Allah and His Messenger, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, have prohibited from committing or violating.
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Overburdening oneself/Artificiality - تَكَلُّـفٌ
Engaging in words, deeds, or beliefs which are neither obligatory nor recommended.
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Precision/Accuracy - إِحْكامٌ
Doing something precisely and preventing it from being flawed or defective.
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Deduction/Inference - استدلال
Establishing proof to confirm something or refute it.
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Impediments to legal competence - عَوارِضُ الأَهْلِيَّةِ
Certain conditions that affect one's competence of performing Shariah duties either by elimination or diminishing.
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Inclusiveness - عُـمُومٌ
It is that a term includes all its possible meanings in a certain context.
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Proper/Sufficient fulfillment of a duty - إِجْزَاءٌ
The proper performance of a deed by someone who is competent for religious duties in a way that he is not required to do it again.
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Deeds of the liable - أَفْعَالُ الـمُكَلَّفِينَ
Anything people who are competent for religious duties according to the Shariah say, do, or believe.
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Delaying - تَرَاخِي
The possibility to perform an act of worship at the end of its prescribed time without being blamed for doing so.
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Laws of previous religions - شَرْعُ مَنْ قَبْلَنَا
The laws of previous heavenly-inspired religions that were authentically transmitted to us, Muslims.
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Rule of juristic principle - قَاعِدَةٌ أُصُولِيَّةٌ
A general comprehensive rule through which deduction of legal rulings is derived from the detailed proofs.
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General - عَامٌّ
A term that signifies all individuals subsumed under it, without limitation.
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Auxiliary sciences - عُلُومُ الآلَةِ
A number of sciences which are used as a means to understanding the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
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Legal opinion - فُتْـيا
To inform someone of a religious ruling without obliging him to apply it.
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Induction - اسْتِقْراءٌ
Examining particular instances, or majority of such instances, to apply their ruling to a general instance that includes them.
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Exception - اسْتِثْناءٌ
Excluding some elements covered by a general phrase from its ruling by using special Arabic articles of exception, such as "illā" or the like.
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The Two Disciples - الآخَران
"Al-Ākharan" is a term in the Hanafi school of thought which refers to the two Imams: Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan.
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Despair - إِبْلاسٌ
Despair of attaining any good.
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Acquiring/Keeping - اتَّخاذٌ
Possessing or using something such as gold or silver containers for decoration purpose or the like.
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Brevity/Abridgment - إِجْمالٌ
Speaking in a manner that can be understood in multiple ways.
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Restricting - مُقَيَّدٌ
Qualifying a general term with restrictive characteristics and conditions.
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Obscurity - إِبْهامٌ
Obscurity and lack of clarity.
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Combination/Union - اتِّحَادٌ
Agreement of two things or more and their sharing the same description, place, type, or etc.
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Contradictory statement - تَناقُضٌ
It is when the plaintiff or the witness says what necessitates invalidating his former statement, whether related to the rights of Allah or to the rights of people.
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Adjournment - تَوقُّفٌ
The judge’s postponement of issuing a sentence in a court case for some reason.
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Integral part - تابِعٌ
Anything that cannot exist independently of its source or origin.
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Specific - خاصٌّ
Any expression used to indicate something that is exclusive.
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Extracting justification for a ruling - تَنْقِيحُ المَناطِ
Scrutinizing a text to determine the justification for a ruling by discarding insignificant factors and taking into consideration significant factors only.
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Extracting/Identifying the cause - تَخْرِيجُ المَناطِ
Deducing the cause of a ruling which is established by (religious) text or consensus.
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Lateness - تَأَخُّرٌ
Something occurring after its designated or usual position, whether pertaining to time or place.
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Particularization/Specification of a general text - تخصيص
Excluding some connotations of a general text (expression).
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Absolute/Unconditional - مُطْلَقٌ
A term that indicates one thing without restriction.
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Delay - تَأخيرٌ
To delay something beyond its Shariah-assigned time or location.
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Implicit/Understood meaning - مَفْهُومٌ
The meaning that a word indicates without being explicitly expressed by the speaker.
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Overlapping - تَداخُلٌ
Merging two or more acts of worship of the same kind.
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Possibility/Probability - احْتِمَالٌ
The possibility of multiple meanings for a single thing.
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Deluding - إيهام
Using speech that carries two possible meanings, one of which is true and the other is false, with the intention of manifesting that which is false.
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Dire need - احتياج
Need for something which if not fulfilled will bring about hardship and harm.
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Effective cause - علة فاعلية
The factor that results in the existence of something or causes its occurrence.
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Axioms - بدهيات
Knowledge that is primordial and does not require reasoning or speculation.
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Imitation/Following someone's opinion - تَـقْلِيدٌ
The one who is unable to provide a valid opinion, accepts without a proof the opinion of someone whose opinion doesn't have a Shar`iee value in creed issues.
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Conclusion - نتيجة
The conclusion of something, and what the premises of a proposition lead to.
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Signification by implication - دَلالَةُ الالْتِزامِ
The concomitant signification of a word that is not an immediate meaning of it.
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Signification of partial accord - دَلالَةُ التَّضَمُّنِ
A word indicating part of its signification or meaning.
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Circular cause - دَور
The existence of something being contingent upon its own existence; either with or without a means.
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Vague terms - ألفاظ مجملة
Terms that could indicate both correct and incorrect meanings in such a way that its meaning cannot be perceived except after scrutinizing and inquiry.
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Impossible - ممتنع
Something that cannot exist in the real world and can only be imagined.
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Sensing - إِحْساسٌ
Knowing something through one of the senses, such as sensing that one’s ritual purification has been nullified, through smell, touch or the like.
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Principle - ضَابِطٌ
A general proposition that incorporates interrelated subdivisions.
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Signification of complete accord - دلالة المطابقة
Interpretation of a term by all of its significations.
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Proposition - مقدمة
Every proposition, whether minor or major, that composes syllogism.
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The one in kind - واحد بالنوع
A universal matter that is commonly shared by individuals and is subject to variation and division in such a way that if it is found in reality, then it becomes specific to that individual.
Translated into: English
Acquired Knowledge - عِلْمٌ مُكْتَسَبٌ
Knowledge that is acquired through investigation and logical inference.
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Stupidity - حُمْقٌ
Lack of reason that drives one to do what would harm him despite knowing of its bad consequences.
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Figurative/Metaphorical speech - مَجَازٌ
Using a word to denote a meaning other than its original one if there is a relation between the two meanings and a supplementary evidence for using the alternate meaning rather than the original one.
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Synonymous - مُتَرادِفٌ
What has one meaning and various names.
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Speech - قَولٌ
The spoken word that has a meaning.
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Association - اِقْتِرانٌ
Two things sharing one meaning.
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Axioms - أَوَّلِيّاتٌ
Issues and premises that develop in one's mind without any reason that necessitates acknowledging them.
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Antonymy - تخالف
The divergence between nouns and names.
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Synonymy - تَرادُفٌ
Having several names referring to a single entity.
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Conceptualization - تَصَوُّرٌ
Forming an image of something in the mind and realizing its essence without any negation or affirmation.
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Real/Literal meaning - حَقِيقَةٌ
Using words for their original literal meaning.
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Apparent - ظاهِرٌ
A term that holds two or more meanings; one of which is more preponderant than the other(s).
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Invalid analogy - فَسادُ الوَضْعِ
When analogy is used in an invalid way to draw a ruling therewith.
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Defective analogy - فَسادُ الاعْتِبارِ
Contradiction of an analogy to textual evidence or scholarly consensus.
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Wording - صِيغَةٌ
Terms and phrases that indicate the will of the speaker and the kind of action he is performing, like a sale transaction and the like.
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Reported news - خبر
A piece of news liable to be either true or false.
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Choice - اختيار
Considering a two-sided thing, and approaching it from the side that one wills.
Translated into: English
Explanatory/Declaratory rulings - أحكام وضعية
Divine commandments that are related to making something a cause, a condition, or an impediment of another thing; or with something being valid, invalid, a concession, to be performed, to be made up for, etc.
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Contested proofs - أَدِلَّةٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهَا
Sources of Islamic legislation that are contested by the scholars, such as the sayings of the Companions, etc.
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Speculative knowledge - عِلْمٌ نَظَرِي
Perception based on the mind's thinking, reflection, and inference.
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Divergent - مُتَبَايِنٌ
A word that diverges from others in name and meaning, such as "man" and "horse", which are different.
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