Category: Contested Proofs
Blocking the means to evil - سَدُّ الذَّرائِعِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English Indonesian
Custom - عُرْفٌ
"‘Urf": a term that collectively refers to all the things that a given society knows and recognizes as good. Original meaning: what is "ma‘rūf", i.e. known and recognized, of good and benevolent deeds. Other meanings: what is common and known among people.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Disagreement - اخْتِلَافٌ
"Ikhtilāf": dispute, disagreement, contradiction, reversal. Opposite: agreement. It is derived from "khilāfah", which means: succession and replacement of something by another. Other meanings: variation, change, dispersion.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Practice of the people of Madīnah - عَمَلُ أَهْلِ المَدِينَةِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Proofs - أَدِلَّةٌ
"Dalīl" (pl. adillah): what leads to something destined. It is derived from "tadlīl", which means indicating something with a sign. Other meanings: sign, supplementary evidence, guide, origin.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Intellectual proofs - أَدِلَّةٌ عَقْلِيَّةٌ
Proofs that are established through speculation, opinion, and personal reasoning.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Original non-liability - بَرَاءَةٌ أَصْلِيَّةٌ
Non-obligation of man to fulfill religious obligations and financial duties until evidence from the Shariah is established to this effect.
Translated into: English French Russian
A Companion's statement - قَوْلُ الصَّحَابِي
What has been transmitted from the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, of independent reasoning in one of the issues of the religion.
Translated into: English
Basic rule/Original ruling - أَصْلٌ
In analogy, it refers to the basic rule, as opposed to the subsidiary rule.
Translated into: English French Spanish Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Reason-based facts - عقليات
Anything that is approved by reason or known through human intellect.
Translated into: English French Spanish Indonesian Russian
Laws of previous religions - شَرْعُ مَنْ قَبْلَنَا
The laws of previous heavenly-inspired religions that were authentically transmitted to us, Muslims.
Translated into: English French Russian
Induction - اسْتِقْراءٌ
Examining particular instances, or majority of such instances, to apply their ruling to a general instance that includes them.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Contested proofs - أَدِلَّةٌ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهَا
Sources of Islamic legislation that are contested by the scholars, such as the sayings of the Companions, etc.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian