English "Butlān" (invalidity/nullity) is a description given to a statement or action that does not comply with Shari‘ah (Islamic law), whether it is an act of worship or a transaction, for one of the following reasons:
- absence of a pillar, such as missing Ruku‘ in prayer
- non-fulfillment of a condition, such as praying towards a direction other than the Qiblah (Makkah)
- existence of an impediment, such as menstruation which prevents women from performing prayer.
The "butlān", or invalidity, of an action renders it null and void and, thus, its legal consequences are not fulfilled. For example, an invalid prayer is not rewarded, and the worshiper must repeat it; and an invalid sale prevents the buyer from disposing of a purchased item as he wishes. Islamic law made the consequences of a statement or action contingent upon the fulfillment of certain conditions in the legislated manner. If they are not as such, then they are of no legal value.
"Ibtāl" (invalidating) is to describe something as "bātil" (invalid) by cancelling it and preventing its consequences, whether it was valid then a cause for invalidation occurred, or it existed physically but not in a way acknowledged by Shari‘ah.
"Butlān" is occuring something in a manner that does not comply with the Shari‘ah. It is of two types: invalidity in acts of worship and invalidity in transactions.
An invalid act of worship is an act that carries no effect, does not waive the obligation of making up for the missed worship, does not clear the liability of the worshipper, and does not entail reward. An example is prayer without Wudu (ablution).
An invalid transaction is illegitimate in essence or in description due to the lack of a pillar or a condition of validity. For example, selling a dead animal (given that consumption of meat of an animal that was not slaughtered according to Shari‘ah is unlawful).
"Butlān" is of two types: 1. "Butlān" in worship. 2. "Butlān" in transaction.
"Bātil" (nllified) worship: is the action that does not carry any effect, does not waive a missed obligation or liability, nor entails any reward, such as praying without ablution.
"Bātil" (nullified) transaction: is an action that is unlawful both in origin as well as in description, due to missing of a pillar or a condition, such as selling the dead animal.
Indonesia Al-Buṭlān merupakan sifat bagi perbuatan atau ucapan yang berseberangan dengan syariat, baik ibadah ataupun muamalat. Penyebab batalnya muamalat atau ibadah adakalanya adalah tidak adanya sebab, rukun atau syarat, atau karena adanya penghalang. Tidak adanya salah satu rukun seperti salat tanpa rukuk; tidak adanya salah satu syarat sah seperti salat bukan ke arah kiblat; dan adanya penghalang seperti salat dalam keadaan haid. Batalnya perbuatan menyebabkan tidak sahnya perbuatan itu dan tidak adanya dampak (hukum) syar'inya. Dengan demikian, kewajiban tidak gugur dan tujuan tidak akan terwujud kalau perbuatannya batal. Salat yang batal tidak akan membuat seorang muslim mendapat pahala dan ia harus mengulanginya. Jual beli yang batal tidak akan menjadikan seorang muslim boleh mengelola dagangannya, karena Allah itu hanya akan menetapkan dampak (hukumnya) atas perbuatan-perbuatan, sebab-sebab, dan syarat-syarat yang terwujud sebagaimana yang diminta dan disyariatkan-Nya. Jika tidak demikian, maka secara syar'i tidak dianggap sah. Al-Ibṭāl ialah menyifati sesuatu dengan buṭlān, artinya karena kondisinya batal, dan yang demikian itu dengan pembatalan dan penghalangan kepastian dampak (hukumnya) atas sesuatu, baik keberadaannya dianggap sah lalu tiba-tiba muncul sebab al-buṭlān, atau memang ada secara indrawi namun bukan secara syar'i.
Al-buṭlān terbagi juga menjadi dua bagian: al-buṭlān dalam ibadah dan al-buṭlān dalam muamalat.
Batal dalam ibadah ialah perbuatan yang tidak menyebabkan munculnya dampak (hukumnya), tidak menggugurkan qada, tidak membuat tanggungan terlepas darinya, dan tidak mendapatkan pahalanya, seperti salat tanpa wudu.
Batal dalam muamalat ialah sesuatu yang tidak disyariatkan baik secara pendasarannya maupun sifatnya karena hilangnya rukun atau syarat, seperti jual beli bangkai.
English "Butlān": loss, futility. "Ibtāl": losing and wasting. "Mubtil": what brings forth loss. "Butlān" may also mean invalidity, opposite of validity and soundness. Original meaning: transience, impermanence. Other meanings: destruction, downfall, discontinuation.
Indonesia Kehilangan dan kerugian. Al-Ibṭāl artinya penyia-nyiaan dan penelantaran. Setiap yang berbahaya adalah batil. Al-Mubṭil ialah orang yang membawa kebatilan, lawan kata sah dan benar. Asal arti "al-buṭlān" ialah hilangnya sesuatu dan minimnya waktu tinggal dan bertempat. Al-Buṭlān juga bermakna hancur, gugur, terputus, rusak, tertolak, dan terlepas.
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