Category: Shariah Ruling
Unlawful - حَرامٌ
Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.
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Desirability - اسْتِحْبابٌ
Request of the Lawgiver (Allah) to do something in a way that is not binding.
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Obligation - وُجُوبٌ
Allah's ordainment a certain act to be done by way of obligation.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Undesirability - كَراهَةٌ
A statment of the Lawgiver (Allah) ordering to avoid something, but not in strictly prohibitory terms.
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Prohibition - تَحْرِيمٌ
A firm command by the Almighty Lawgiver to refrain from a particular action.
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Misguidance - ضلال
Deviation from the truth, intentionally or unintentionally.
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Islamic law - الشريعة
The clear course in the religion that includes the beliefs, rulings, and ethics.
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Forbidden things - محظورات
Everything that is definitively prohibited under Shariah.
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Permissible - جَائِزٌ
Everything permitted and sanctioned by the Shariah.
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Duress/Compulsion - إِكْراهٌ
"Ikrāh": forcing someone to do something he dislikes. It is derived from "kurh", which means dislike.
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Granting concession - تَرْخِيصٌ
"Tarkhīs": facilitating, making things easy. Other meanings: decreasing, reducing.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Good manners/Politeness - أَدَبٌ
"Adab": good manners and noble actions. Its original meaning is calling, as it calls people to what is praiseworthy.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Sin - إِثْمٌ
"Ithm": sin, the sin that makes the sinner deserving of punishment. Original meaning: slowness, delay.
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Invalid/False - باطِلٌ
"Bātil": false, invalid. Opposite: true, valid. Original meaning: going away or remaining for a short time.
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Hastening/Rushing - تَعْجِيلٌ
"Ta‘jīl": hastening; doing something before its due time. It is derived from "‘ajalah", which is the opposite of slowness and tardiness. Other meanings: doing something before another.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Excuse - عُذْرٌ
"‘Udhr": A proof that one uses for an excuse. Everything that removes blame is an excuse.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Obligation - فَرْضٌ
"Fard": cutting, obligation, appraisal.
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Abrogation - نَسْخٌ
"Naskh": removing and moving, copying. Original meaning: replacing something with another. Other meanings: converting, changing, abrogating.
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Duty/Obligation - وَاجِبٌ
"Wājib": required, established. It is derived from "wujūb", which means: requirement, establishment, falling.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Forbiddance/Prohibition - نَهْيٌ
"Nahy": stopping, rebuking, preventing. Opposite: command. It is derived from "intihā’", which means: stopping at a certain point. Other meanings: attainment, arrival, prohibition, rejection, dismissal.
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Disliked - مَكْرُوهٌ
"Makrūh": detestable, abominable. Opposite: loved, recommended. It is derived from "karāhah", which means hardship, distress, and from "kurh" or "karh", which means: abhorrence. "Makrūh" is what one hates and deems difficult. Other meanings: something disallowed, rejected, hardship, harshness.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Defect/Corruption - فَسادٌ
"Fasād": damage or defect in something. Opposite: soundness, validity. Original meaning: departure from a moderate state.
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Dispensation - رُخْصَةٌ
"Rukhsah" (pl. rukhas): ease, facilitation, leniency. Opposite: hardness. Other meanings: permission, pardon.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Permissibility - جَوَازٌ
"Jawāz": permissibility, permission. Opposite: prevention. Original meaning: traversing, crossing. Other meanings: effectiveness, health, ability, forgiveness, dispensation.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Prohibition/Ban - حَظْرٌ
"Hazhr": banning. Opposite: permitting.
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Legitimacy - مَشْرُوعِيَّةٌ
"Mashrū‘iyyah": legitimacy. It is derived from "mashrū‘", which means: clarified, plain, legitimate. The original meaning of "shar‘": revealing, explanation.
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Reward - ثَواب
"Thawāb": reward for a deed, good or bad, and the recompense for a doer of good or a doer of evil.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Dire need/necessity - اضْطِرَارٌ
"Idtirār": bad need, necessity. It is originally derived from "darar", which means: hardship, restriction.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Committing a sin/crime - إِجْرامٌ
"Ijrām": committing a "jurm": crime or sin. "Ijrām" is derived from "jarm", which means: cutting off or earning. A sin is called a "jurm" because it is something earned by its perpetrator. Other meanings: corrupting, hurting someone.
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Invalidation/Rendering worthless - إِحْباطٌ
"Ihbāt": annulment, invalidation. It is derived from "habt", which means: an animal eating so much fodder that its belly swells and then dies.
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Determination/Resolve - عزيمة
"Azm": determination to do something. Original meaning: cutting. Other meanings: patience, strength, emphasis, earnestness, duty.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Truth - حَقٌّ
"Al-haqq": the truth, the constant. Opposite: falsehood, error. Other meanings: what is due, necessary, certain.
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Pardon/Forgiveness - عَفْوٌ
"‘Afw": forgiveness, pardon, refraining from punishment. Original meaning: abandoning, letting go. Other meanings: elimination, effacement, abundance.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Obligation-creating rulings/Defining laws - أحكام تكليفية
Allah's commandments, relating to the acts of the slaves either by way of demand or option.
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Shariah rulings - أحكام شرعية
The divine commandments pertaining to people's deeds, whether they are required to perform a certain deed or leave it or are given the choice.
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Ability - اسْتِطَاعَةٌ
"Istitā‘ah": the ability to do something. Opposite: inability. It is derived from "taw‘", which means: submission, responding. Other meanings: endurance, likelihood, capability, power.
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Original non-liability - بَرَاءَةٌ أَصْلِيَّةٌ
Non-obligation of man to fulfill religious obligations and financial duties until evidence from the Shariah is established to this effect.
Translated into: English French Russian
Error - خَطَأٌ
"Khata’": error, slip, unintentional action. Original meaning: swerving from the intended course. Opposite: correctness, deliberateness. Other meanings: sin, guilt, grammatical mistake, or mistake in pronunciation (esp. in reciting the Qur’an).
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Condition - شَرْطٌ
"Shart": condition, requirement. It is derived from "sharat", which means mark.
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Necessity - ضَرُورَةٌ
"Darūrah": urgent need, necessity. It is derived from "darar", which means: straits, restriction. Opposite: benefit, spaciousness. Other meanings: hardship, severity, poverty.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Original ruling - عَزِيمَةٌ
"‘Azīmah'': determination, resolve, volition, obligation, necessity, duty. Original meaning: cutting off sharply. Other meanings: striving, patience, strength, toughness.
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Invalid - فَاسِدٌ
"Fāsid": invalid, decayed. Opposite: valid, sound.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Undesirability qua blamelessness - كَرَاهَةُ تَنْزِيهٍ
A request by the legislator to avoid doing something without making this rule obligatory.
Translated into: English
Permissible - مُبَاحٌ
"Mubāh'': allowed, permitted. Opposite: forbidden. Original meaning: spaciousness. Other meanings: visible, licensed, lawful, absolute.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Validity - صِحَّةٌ
Validity of an action according to the Shariah, whereby its consequences come into effect.
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Compulsion/Obligation - إِلْزامٌ
Forcing someone to do something or quit doing it.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Ending/Termination - انْقِضاءٌ
Termination of the time designated for the waiting period of the divorced wife according to the Shariah.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Leaving/Abandoning - تَرْكٌ
Not doing something despite of being able to do it, whether it be intentionally or unintentionally.
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coercion - تَلْجِئَةٌ
Coercing someone to do something whose hidden reality contradicts what is apparent thereof, such as a sale.
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Nullity - بُطْلانٌ
Nullity and voidness of a statement or action because it does not comply with Shari‘ah (Islamic law).
Translated into: English Indonesian
Most likely place/situation - مَظِنّةٌ
The most likely place where something could exist.
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Determination/Resolution - عَزْمٌ
Firm decision to do or leave something.
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Precaution - احتياط
To preserve oneself against falling into prohibitions or abandoning a command in situations of doubt.
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Making defective - إِخْلَالٌ
Failure to do something as prescribed by the Shariah.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Prohibitions - حُرُماتٌ
Everything that Allah and His Messenger, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, have prohibited from committing or violating.
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Precision/Accuracy - إِحْكامٌ
Doing something precisely and preventing it from being flawed or defective.
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Deduction/Inference - استدلال
Establishing proof to confirm something or refute it.
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Impediments to legal competence - عَوارِضُ الأَهْلِيَّةِ
Certain conditions that affect one's competence of performing Shariah duties either by elimination or diminishing.
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Inclusiveness - عُـمُومٌ
It is that a term includes all its possible meanings in a certain context.
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Proper/Sufficient fulfillment of a duty - إِجْزَاءٌ
The proper performance of a deed by someone who is competent for religious duties in a way that he is not required to do it again.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Delaying - تَرَاخِي
The possibility to perform an act of worship at the end of its prescribed time without being blamed for doing so.
Translated into: English French Russian
Legal opinion - فُتْـيا
To inform someone of a religious ruling without obliging him to apply it.
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Combination/Union - اتِّحَادٌ
Agreement of two things or more and their sharing the same description, place, type, or etc.
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Acquiring/Keeping - اتَّخاذٌ
Possessing or using something such as gold or silver containers for decoration purpose or the like.
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Delay - تَأخيرٌ
To delay something beyond its Shariah-assigned time or location.
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Particularization/Specification of a general text - تخصيص
Excluding some connotations of a general text (expression).
Translated into: English Bosnian
Explanatory/Declaratory rulings - أحكام وضعية
Divine commandments that are related to making something a cause, a condition, or an impediment of another thing; or with something being valid, invalid, a concession, to be performed, to be made up for, etc.
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