الأَبَدُ: اسْتِمْرَارُ وُجُودِ شَيْءٍ مَا فِي أَزْمِنَةٍ غَيْرِ مُتَنَاهِيَةٍ باِلنَّظَرِ إِلى الْمُسْتَقْبلِ، وَيُقَابِلُهُ الْأَزَلُ وَهُوَ اسْتِمْرَارُ وُجُودِ شَيْءٍ مَا فِي أَزْمِنَةٍ غَيْرِ مُتَنَاهِيَةٍ باِلنَّظَرِ إِلى الْمَاضِي، وهي على قسمينِ، أبديَّةُ الله تعالى وصِفاتِه، وأبديَّة بعض المخلوقاتِ كأهل الجنَّةِ وأهلِ النَّارِ، والفرقُ بينهما: أولًا: أنَّ أبديَّةَ الله سبحانه ذاتيَّةٌ، وأبديَّةُ غيرِهِ مكتسبةٌ بإذنِ من الله تعالى، ثانيًا: أنَّ أبديَّة الله تعالى على أكملِ وجهٍ، وتليقُ بجلاله وعظمتِه، والمخلوقُ وإن نَالَ شيئًا من الأبدية فهي دونَ ذلكَ، ثالثًا: أنَّ أبديَّةَ اللهِ عزَّ وجلَّ واجبةٌ وأبديَّةُ غيرِهِ ممكنةٌ، رابعًا: أنَّ أبديَّة الله تعالى غيرُ مسبوقةٍ بعدمٍ ولا يلحقها عدمٌ بخلافِ المخلوقِ، فإنَّهُ وإنْ بُعِثَ يموتُ.
English "Abad" (eternity) is the perpetual existence of something along endless ages in the future. Its opposite is "azal", which means perpetual existence of something along endless time in the past. The concept of "abad" (eternity) falls under two sections: 1- Eternity of Allah Almighty and His Attributes. 2- Eternity of some created beings such as the people of Paradise and the people of Hell. There is difference between the two: Firstly: the eternity of Allah Almighty is an intrinsic attribute, whereas the eternity of others is acquired by a permission of Allah. Secondly: the eternity of Allah Almighty is in the most perfect manner, and befits His glory and magnificence. However, a created being that could reach a limit of eternity, it is inferior to that of Allah Almighty. Thirdly: the eternity of Allah, the Exalted, is essential, whereas the eternity of others is possible. Fourthly: the eternity of Allah Almighty is not preceded by nonexistence or followed by nonexistence, unlike the created beings, as they will undergo death, even though they will be resurrected thereafter.
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