Category: Jurisprudence of Ethics
Dutifulness to one’s parents - بِرُّ الوالِدَيْنِ
Dutifulness and kindness to one’s parents through words and deeds during their life and after their death.
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Undutifulness to one’s parents - عُقُوق الوالدين
When a person hurts his parents or one of them in a way that people do not traditionally regard as insignificant.
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Lying/Falsehood - كَذِبٌ
To report about something in a way contrary to its reality, whether deliberately or mistakenly.
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Backbiting - غِيبَةٌ
Saying something about a person in his absence what he would dislike if he heard it.
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Misguidance - ضلال
Deviation from the truth, intentionally or unintentionally.
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Whim/Desire - هَوَى
Personal inclination to what one enjoys or sees.
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Maintaining kinship ties - صلة الرحم
Showing kindness to relatives, doing good to them, and fending off harm from them.
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Spying - تَجَسُّسٌ
"Tajassus": investigating, examining. It is mostly used for evil purposes. It is originally derived from "jass", which means getting to know something by lightly touching it.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Obscene lie - إِفْكٌ
"Ifk": lying. It is derived from "afk", which means changing and diverting the truth. Other meanings: sin, false testimony, slander, falsehood.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Lending - إِقْراضٌ
"Iqrād": lending. It is derived from "qard" (loan), which means cutting off.
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Intercession - شَفاعَةٌ
"Shafā‘ah": requesting something on behalf of someone. Other meanings: increasing, joining and partnering with.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Good manners/Politeness - أَدَبٌ
"Adab": good manners and noble actions. Its original meaning is calling, as it calls people to what is praiseworthy.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Anger - غَضَبٌ
"Ghadab": anger, great dissatisfaction. Opposite: "rida" (contentment). Original meaning: strength, hardness. Other meanings: a change that occurs in humans when the blood of their heart boils and they seek revenge.
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Perfection/Skillfulness - إِتْقانٌ
"Itqān": doing something and learning it precisely, perfectly, correctly, and accurately.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Envy - حَسَدٌ
"Hasad": dislike that Allah Almighty should bestow favors upon others or wishing that the favors enjoyed by others should go away.
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Grudge/Malice - حِقْدٌ
"Heqd": retaining animosity within the heart. Original meaning: retaining, withholding. Other meanings: dislike, hatred.
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Bribe - رِشْوَةٌ
"Rishwah": allowance, gift, any means that helps one reach something. It came to be used to refer specifically to means leading to forbidden things.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Gentleness - رِفْق
"Rifq": gentleness, leniency. Opposite: harshness, severity. Other meanings: ease, facilitation. Original meaning: benefit.
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Extravagance/Wastefulness - تَبْذِيرٌ
"Tabdhīr": dispersing, scattering. It is derived from "badhr", which means: scattering seeds in the soil. Other meanings: spreading, excessiveness.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Optimism - تَفاؤُلٌ
"Tafā’ul": deriving hope and joy from good speech. Opposite: pessimism.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Rejection/Denial - جُحُودٌ
"Juhūd": denial, rejection. Opposite: acknowledgment. Original meaning: scarcity of anything.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Cheating - غِشٌّ
"Ghishsh": showing something and concealing the opposite. Opposite: sincerity. It is derived from "ghashash", which means: muddied, unclear water.
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Evil/Wrong - مُنكَرٌ
"Munkar": bad, rejected, denied. It is derived from "inkār", which means ignorance. Other meanings of "inkār": negation, denial, rejection, belying, changing.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Talebearing - نَمِيمَةٌ
"Namīmah": reporting speech maliciously. It is derived from "namm", which means: unveiling or showing something. Other meanings: embellishing speech with lies, whispering, movement, provoking enmity, tempting, wasting.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Piety/Religious prudence - وَرَعٌ
"Wara‘": refraining, holding back, prevention, avoidance of sin.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Manhood/Magnanimity - مُرُوءَةٌ
"Murū’ah": manhood in its perfect form; good manners and politeness. It is derived from "marī’" (the gullet). It was also said to be derived from "mar’", which means: man, human being. Other meanings: humanity, chastity, generosity, nobility, uprightness.
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Lying/Falsehood - زُورٌ
"Zūr": lying, falsehood. Original meaning: inclining, swerving, something adorned. Other meanings: accusation, strength, polytheism, singing, diversion.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Chastity - عِفَّةٌ
"‘Iffah": refraining and abstaining from what is bad and objectionable. Original meaning: scarcity. Other meanings: purification, chastity.
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Jealousy - غَيْرَةٌ
"Ghayrah": ardent enthusiasm and anger about something. It is derived from "taghayyur", which means: transformation.
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Adultery - فاحِشَةٌ
"Fāhishah": bad and objectionable speech or deed. It is derived from "fuhsh", which is ugliness and horribleness. Other meanings: adultery.
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Fabrication - افتراء
"Iftirā’": great falsehood. It is said to refer to lying concerning people’s honor. It is derived from "fary", which means: cutting, ripping. Other meanings: falsehood, injustice.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Aggression/Attack - اعْتِداء
"I‘tidā’": injustice, aggression. It is derived from "ta‘addi", which means: exceeding the limit. Opposite: justice, uprightness. Other meanings: corrupting, harming.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Relatives - أقارِب
Aqārib": one’s family, relatives, and kindred.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Handshaking - مُصافَحَةٌ
"Musāfahah": placing one’s hand in the hand of another. It is derived from "sufh", which means: the side of something.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian
Betrayal - خيانة
"Khiyānah": betrayal, deception. Opposite: trustworthiness. It originally means "decrease", for a betrayer decreases what is he is entrusted with and does not return it as it was. Other meanings: violation of covenant.
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Conceit - خيلاء
"Khuyalā’": arrogance, self-conceit, looking down upon people.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Morals - أَخْلاقٌ
"Akhlāq" (sing. khuluq): nature, disposition, or inherent qualities either good or bad. Other meanings: religion, decency.
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Extravagance - إِسْرَافٌ
"Isrāf": extravagance. Original meaning: exceeding the limit in everything. Opposite: moderation, reasonability. It is derived from "musrif", which means: extravagant. Other meanings: wastefulness, negligence, carelessness, causing damage, wasting, squandering, corruption, extremism, interruption.
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Excessiveness/Immoderation - إفراط
"’Ifrāt": exceeding the limits. "Mufrit": someone who exceeds the limits. Original meaning: removing something from its place. Other meanings: advancing, hastening, extremism, transgression, placing undue pressure beyond one’s ability.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Oppression/Injustice - ظُلْمٌ
"Zhulm": oppression, exceeding the limits. Original meaning: putting something in other than its place. Other meanings: infringement.
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Committing a sin/crime - إِجْرامٌ
"Ijrām": committing a "jurm": crime or sin. "Ijrām" is derived from "jarm", which means: cutting off or earning. A sin is called a "jurm" because it is something earned by its perpetrator. Other meanings: corrupting, hurting someone.
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Compassion - شَفَقَةٌ
"Shafaqah": fear from and caution about misfortune, keenness on reform. Original meaning: delicateness. Other meanings: caution, mercy, affection, and grief.
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Forbearance - حِلْم
"Hilm": deliberateness, patience, quietness, self-restraint. Opposite: haste, foolishness.
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Foolishness - سَفاهَةٌ
"Safāhah": foolishness. Original meaning: frivolity, recklessness, imprudence, crookedness and confusion. Opposite: forbearance, rationality.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Magnanimity - شَهامَةٌ
"Shahāmah": bravery. Original meaning: smartness, sharpness. Other meanings: strength, vigor.
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Munificence/Tolerance - سَماحَةٌ
"Samāhah": generosity, giving. Original meaning: leniency, gentleness, compliance. Other meanings: tolerance, pardon.
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Transgression/Aggression - عُدْوانٌ
"‘Udwān": aggression, transgression. It is derived from "ta‘addi", which means: going beyond and overstepping the limit. Opposite: justice. Other meanings: disputing, harming.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Haste - عَجَلَةٌ
"‘Ajalah": speed, quickness. Opposite: delay, postponement, respite. It is derived from "i‘jāl", which means: hastening.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Treachery/Disloyalty - غَدرٌ
"Ghadr": breaking a covenant. Opposite: loyalty. Original meaning: abandonment, departure. Other meanings: offense, deceit, betrayal, cessation.
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Forgiveness - غُفْرانٌ
"Ghufrān": forgiveness, pardon, overlooking mistakes. It is derived from "ghafr", which means: covering, hiding, insertion.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Delusion/Self-conceit - غُرُور
"Ghurūr": delusion, deception. Original meaning: decrease. Other meanings: cheating, causing confusion.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Violence - عُنْفٌ
"‘Unf": violence, harshness. Opposite: gentleness, ease. It is derived from "i‘tināf", which means: dislike, hardship.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Obstinacy - عِنادٌ
"‘Inād": obstinacy, opposition. Original meaning: crookedness, tilting, deviation. Other meaning: deviation from the truth.
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Kindness/Compassion - عَطْفٌ
"‘Atf": kindness, compassion, tenderness. Original meaning: leaning, reclining.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Obscenity/Immorality - فُحْشٌ
"Fuhsh": ugly and evil speech or deed. Original meaning: increase, exceeding the limit.
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Harshness - غِلظةٌ
"Ghilzhah": harshness, callousness. Opposite: tender character, disposition, attitude, etc.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Generosity - كَرَمٌ
"Karam": generosity, honor, abundance. Opposite: stinginess, maliciousness.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Contentment - قَنَاعَة
"Qanā‘ah": contentment, satisfaction. Other meanings: concealment, acceptance, submission.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Faithfulness/Loyalty - وَفاءٌ
"Wafā’": loyalty, fulfillment of covenant. Opposite: treachery. Original meaning: completeness, perfection.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Altruism - إِيثارٌ
"Īthār": altruism, selflessness. Opposite: selfishness. Original meaning: giving precedence to something.
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Cooperation - تَعاوُنٌ
"Ta‘āwun": cooperation, people assisting one another. It is derived from "‘awn", which means: help, support. “Isti‘ānah”: seeking help from others.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Honoring humankind - تَكْرِيمُ الإنْسانِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English Indonesian
Good morals - حُسْنُ الخُلُقِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Evil/Harm - سُوءٌ
"Sū’": Evil, corruption, and what is disliked. Original meaning: ugliness. Opposite: beauty. Other meanings: sadness, distress.
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Bad manners - سوء الخلق
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English Russian
Cheerfulness - طَلاقَةُ الوَجْهِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Good treatment - حسن المعاملة
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English Russian
Cursing - لَعْنٌ
"La‘n": expelling, banishing. "La‘n" among people refers to reviling and name-calling.
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Suppressing anger - كَظْمُ الغَيْظِ
Tījāniyyah
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Keeping secrets - كِتْمانُ السِّرِّ
Tījāniyyah
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Separation/Break-up - تقاطع
"Taqātu‘'': separation. It is derived from "qat‘", which means cutting. Opposite: communication. Other meanings: abandonment, dissension, split-up.
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Good/Lawful - طَيِّب
"Tayyib": delicious, lawful, permissible. It is derived from "tībah", which means safety from evil. Opposite: evil, unlawful. Other meanings: appropriate, nice, easy, pure, clean.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Justice - قِسْط
"Qist" (pl. aqsāt): justice. "Qast": injustice, oppression. Other meanings: share, portion.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Mutual advice - تَوَاصِي
"Tawāsi": mutual advice among people. It is derived from "wasiyyah", which means something established and affirmed. Original meaning of "wasiyyah": connecting something to another. Other meanings: plotting, prohibiting one another, being committed to one another.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Honoring - تَكْرِيْم
"Takrīm": revering, extolment. It is derived from "karam", which means honor. Other meanings: preferring, holding exalted above deficiencies, sanctifying, increasing, strengthening.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Insult - سَبٌّ
Any bad words intended to degrade and insult someone.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Offense - إِساءَةٌ
Saying or doing what is disgraceful and deserving of criticism.
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Hospitality - ضِيافَةٌ
Showing hospitality to the guest in the house or a similar place, being kind to him and taking care of his needs.
Translated into: English Indonesian
Concealment - سَتْرٌ
Concealing someone else's defect and not revealing it to people.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Sale by city-dweller on behalf of desert-dweller - بَيْعُ الحاضِرِ لِلْبادِي
The sale in which a person who lives in a city or village sells goods on behalf of another who lives in the desert, or on behalf of a non-resident, even if he is not a Bedouin.
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Lack of jealousy - دِياثَةٌ
A man's lack of jealousy for his wife and his "Mahram" (permanently unmarriageable) female relatives whom he is prohibited from marrying.
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Monasticism - رَهْبانِيَّةٌ
Extremism in worship, abandoning the worldly life, and refraining from mixing with people.
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Praise - مَدْحٌ
Praising someone by mentioning his good characteristics, whether related to his appearance or intentional conducts.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Treachery - غَدْرٌ
It is breaking the covenant and not fulfilling one"s responsibility towards it.
Translated into: English French Urdu
Pillaging/Robbing - نَهْبٌ
Taking someone else’s property openly, forcibly, and without giving him anything in return.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Arrogance - كِبْرٌ
Refusing to accept the truth out of arrogance; despising people and treating them as inferiors.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Exposing/Defaming - تَشْهيرٌ
Exposing a person's faults by the ruler and announcing that to the people out of reprimand for that person and those like him.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Strutting - تَبَخْتُرٌ
The way an arrogant and self-conceited person walks.
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Snooping/Eavesdropping - مُسارَقَةٌ
Looking at or listening to others secretly without their knowledge and consent.
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Disciplining - تَأْدِيبٌ
Light punishing or disciplining for wrong-doing by those in charge, other than the judge, for the sake of rectification.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Resolve - حزم
Diligence in doing something and being careful to perform it and not to miss it.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Misappropriation - إغلال
Misappropriation of trust.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Disclaiming/Disavowal - تَنَصُّلٌ
Denying responsibility for something and not bearing its consequences and results.
Translated into: English Russian
Egotism/Selfishness - أَثَرَةٌ
Favoring one's self or one's relative in worldly benefits over others who are entitled to that benefit or are in need of it.
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Deception - خِداعٌ
Causing harm to others secretly.
Translated into: English French Indonesian Russian
Mockery - سُخْرِيَّة
Mocking others verbally or physically due to a defect or the like in an offending manner.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Maliciousness/Evilness - خُبْثٌ
Corruption that harms one"s soul or body physically or spiritually.
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Effeminacy - خُنُوثَةٌ
A man imitating feminine characteristics.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Generosity/Openhandedness - سَخاءٌ
A moral characteristic that urges the person to spend from his wealth with ease.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Discontentment - سُخْطٌ
Extreme anger accompanied with dislike of something and discontent with it.
Translated into: English Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Gloating/Malicious satisfaction - شَماتَةٌ
Gloating over the harm or damage that befalls others.
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Excessive arrogance/Tyranny - عُتُـوٌّ
Exceeding the limits in arrogance and tyranny, and going to extremes in corruption and disobedience.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Intercession - شَفاعَةٌ
Interceding for others to bring them benefits or repel harms from them.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian Russian
Stinginess - شُحٌّ
Extreme covetousness of one's wealth or another's wealth before attaining it and withholding it from others after attaining it.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Imprudence - طَيْشٌ
Impetuousness that causes the person to lose control over himself when something provokes him.
Translated into: English French Spanish Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Frowning - عُبُوسٌ
Frowning and showing displeasure while meeting someone.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Avarice - طَمَعٌ
Desiring something and being keen on attaining it.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Exposing flaws - فَضْحٌ
Disclosing the flaws of a person to make him known for them among people.
Translated into: English French Indonesian Russian
Pardoning - صَفْحٌ
Forgiving the sin along with eliminating ill feelings towards its doer, and refraining from blaming or criticizing him.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Exasperation/Rage - غَيْظٌ
Internal rage that a person feels because of harm inflicted on him by another and his inability to vent that feeling.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Endearment - توَدُّدٌ
Endearing oneself to someone else seeking his love.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Maltreatment - سُوءُ المُعامَلَةِ
To verbally or physically harm someone in their body, wealth, or honor.
Translated into: English French Indonesian Russian
Kind treatment/Kind companionship - حُسْنُ العِشْرَةِ
Fulfillment of others' rights when dealing with them and refraining from hurting them.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Dissension - شقاق
Separation from the mainstream Muslims and opposition to the truth.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Harshness - جَفَاءٌ
Toughness of the heart, harshness of behavior, and alienation from people.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Hardness of the Heart - قَسوةٌ
"Qaswah" is harshness and rigidity in the heart that drives a person towards abuse and wrongdoing rather than kindness and goodness.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Willpower/High aspiration - عُلُوُّ الهِمَّةِ
Aspiring to the highest possible form of perfection for oneself and others and rejecting imperfection and inferiority.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian
Smiling - تَبَسُّمٌ
A slight and silent laughter.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Falsification - تَزْوِيرٌ
Modifying something and making it appear contrary to its reality.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
To give someone a servant - إخْدامٌ
Giving someone a servant to serve them and look after their affairs.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Surrendering - اِسْتِئْسارٌ
Surrendering oneself to the enemy to be taken captive.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Absconding/Running away - إباقٌ
The fleeing of a slave from his master to a different land in an intentional and rebellious manner.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Bosnian Russian
Honored person - أَثِيرٌ
A person of dignified status who is favored over others.
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Idleness/Unemployment - بَطالَةٌ
Idleness, unemployment, and abstaining from striving to work.
Translated into: English French Spanish Urdu Indonesian Russian
Expansion/Increase - تَبَسُّطٌ
Expansion and increase in spending on food and it's like.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Keenness/Assiduousness - حِرص
Exerting effort to attain what is beneficial in religious or worldly affairs.
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Monstrous - إِدٌّ
A matter that is atrocious, abominable, and shocking.
Translated into: English French Spanish Russian
Conceit due to worship - إِدْلالٌ
Having self-conceit, and admiring one's acts of obedience, while forgetting to show gratitude to Allah, and expecting to receive reward from Him.
Translated into: English Indonesian
Overlooking faults - إِغْمَاضٌ
Forgiving someone, overlooking his fault and not exposing it.
Translated into: English Urdu Indonesian
Obscenity/Foul language - بَذاءَةٌ
Foul speech, even if it is true.
Translated into: English French Urdu Indonesian Russian
Dodging - تَهَرُّب
Eluding prior commitment to one's responsibilities and freeing one's liability thereof gradually.
Translated into: English French