Category: Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil
Guidance - إرْشادٌ
"Irshād": guidance, leading.
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Enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong - احْتِسابٌ
"Hisbah": reward, counting. Original meaning: calculation. Other meanings: denouncing, self-sufficiency, managing, estimating, guessing.
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Gentleness - رِفْق
"Rifq": gentleness, leniency. Opposite: harshness, severity. Other meanings: ease, facilitation. Original meaning: benefit.
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Evil/Wrong - مُنكَرٌ
"Munkar": bad, rejected, denied. It is derived from "inkār", which means ignorance. Other meanings of "inkār": negation, denial, rejection, belying, changing.
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Pursuit of divine reward - اِحْتِسَابٌ
"Ihtisāb": considering something. It is derived from "hisāb", which means: counting, enumerating. Other meanings: denial.
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Compassion - شَفَقَةٌ
"Shafaqah": fear from and caution about misfortune, keenness on reform. Original meaning: delicateness. Other meanings: caution, mercy, affection, and grief.
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Forbearance - حِلْم
"Hilm": deliberateness, patience, quietness, self-restraint. Opposite: haste, foolishness.
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Compassion - رَأْفَةٌ
"Ra’fah": extreme mercy, great mercy. Original meaning: compassion, mercy.
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Haste - عَجَلَةٌ
"‘Ajalah": speed, quickness. Opposite: delay, postponement, respite. It is derived from "i‘jāl", which means: hastening.
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Violence - عُنْفٌ
"‘Unf": violence, harshness. Opposite: gentleness, ease. It is derived from "i‘tināf", which means: dislike, hardship.
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Advice/Sincerity - نَصِيْحَة
"Nasīhah": guiding to what is good and useful. It is derived from "nus’h", which means: sincerity, purity. Opposite: envy, cheating. Other meanings: truthfulness in speech.
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Preaching/Admonition - وَعْظٌ
"Wa‘zh": reminding of goodness. Original meaning: intimidation, warning. Other meanings: advising, directing, admonishing.
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Clarification - تَبْيِينٌ
"Tabyīn": revealing, clarifying. Opposite: concealment, hiding. It is derived from "bayn", which means: remoteness, separation.
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Sweet talk/Lip service - مداراة
"Mudārāh": leniency, gentleness. Original meaning: warding off. Gentleness is called "mudārāh" because one resorts to it to ward off harm.
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Mutual advice - تَوَاصِي
"Tawāsi": mutual advice among people. It is derived from "wasiyyah", which means something established and affirmed. Original meaning of "wasiyyah": connecting something to another. Other meanings: plotting, prohibiting one another, being committed to one another.
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Establishing testimony - إِقامَةُ الشَّهادَةِ
Testifying the due right of someone over another person based on knowledge and certainty for the sake of Allah, without any diversion, deletion, or addition.
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Harshness - شِدَّةٌ
Use of excessive force when dealing with oneself or others.
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Exposing flaws - فَضْحٌ
Disclosing the flaws of a person to make him known for them among people.
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Exasperation/Rage - غَيْظٌ
Internal rage that a person feels because of harm inflicted on him by another and his inability to vent that feeling.
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Harshness - جَفَاءٌ
Toughness of the heart, harshness of behavior, and alienation from people.
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Hardness of the Heart - قَسوةٌ
"Qaswah" is harshness and rigidity in the heart that drives a person towards abuse and wrongdoing rather than kindness and goodness.
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Deliberation - تَأَنِّي
Being lenient and deliberate, while seeking to do something, and not being in haste.
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