Permission - إذْنٌ

"Idhn": permission. Original meaning: to lift prohibition, to permit. Other meanings: proclamation, from which comes the word "Adhān" (the call to prayer).

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Delegation - وِصَايَةٌ

"Wisāyah": when someone asks another person to do something on his behalf while he is absent. Original meaning: joining something to another. Other meanings: acceptance, affirmation.

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Freedom from liability/Innocence - بَراءَةٌ

"Barā’ah": discarding and being cleared from something. Original meaning: avoidance of what is disliked. Other meanings: abandonment, severance, separation.

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Principal - أَصِيلٌ

The person who is represented by another to act on his behalf, and he is the one affected by the outcome of this representation.

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Collateral - ضَمَانَة

Anything by which a person preserves his right from loss.

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Consequence - تَبِعَةٌ

The consequences of an action and the rights that it involves.

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Guardian - وَلِيٌّ

The person upon whom the validity of the marriage contract is contingent, such as father, his agent, or the like.

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Representation - نِيَابَةٌ

Having the authority to do a particular action on behalf of another so that the outcome of the action would benefit the represented person.

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